Land fragmentation and the distribution of plots in rural areas has a negative effect on the profitability and efficiency of agricultural production. Land consolidation and exchange is an operation that facilitates improvements in the spatial structure, while at the same time contributing to the sustainable development of rural areas. With regard to the large number of problem areas, they cannot be subject to land consolidation and exchange at the same time for reasons related to finance and human resources. Therefore, the authors propose that land for consolidation should be consolidated into larger typological units. Identifying those areas that are most similar facilitates the analysis and makes it possible to capture the spatial differentiation of land. The proposed method was tested on 116 villages in the county of Łęczna, situated in Lublin Voivodeship in Eastern Poland. The aim of this research is to develop the concept of village grouping into larger typological units. The obtained results allowed for the creation of a grouping methodology based on selected diagnostic variables that can be applied to other research objects. The description of differences between the identified groups of villages makes it possible to determine the hierarchy of urgency of for land consolidation and exchange. Although delimitation itself does not determine the sequence in which consolidation should be performed, it does allow for the identification of similar areas where such works should be performed at the same time. Based on properly selected guidelines, it is also possible to develop an adequate hierarchy of works. In addition, identifying areas which share similar spatial characteristics and consolidating them has a positive influence, primarily on the cultural heritage, because some variables reflect both quantitative and qualitative aspects of human development on the use of land and on the built-up environment.privatisation. Another negative factor resulting in negative spatial structure is the distribution of plots. In world literature, both fragmentation and the distribution of land is referred to as 'land fragmentation'. The authors distinguish four types of land fragmentation, depending on the number of owners using the specific piece of land, the form of ownership or title, the type of use, and the geometric structure of plots [6,9]. Along with the increase in the number of arable plots and their distance from the farmer's settlement, the cost of production increases and the farmer's income decreases [19][20][21][22][23]. The fragmentation of the land of individual farms is a huge problem that is a barrier to its development, modernization, and has the effect of the lowering the profitability obtained from production farming.A land surveying tool used for improving the arrangement of land is the operation of consolidation and the exchange of land which exists in Poland and in the world, for example, in such countries as the Netherlands [17], Cyprus [9], Slovakia [24] Czech Republic [25], China [26], Finland [27]...
Abstract. The spatial structure of land in south-eastern Poland is characterized by a high fragmentation, small farms and a road network that is not adjusted to the requirements of modern, mechanized agricultural production. The patchwork pattern of land ownership is one of the main factors that negatively affect agricultural production. Fields located in an external patchwork can be fully used for agricultural production, but the production costs are higher, and the income from the farm is smaller. The spatial layout of privately owned land in the countryside has undergone continuous changes over the centuries, which have led to fragmentation and scattering of plots, a lack of road access and large distances from the homestead. The aim of this study was to analyse the need for land consolidation in the commune of Milejów in Łęczna District. The commune is situated in the borderland between the Lublin Upland and Polesie Lubelskie. It is located about 35 km to the east of Lublin, in Łęczna District. It occupies an area of 115.2 km 2 and is one of the 213 communes of the Lublin Province. There are 24 villages in the commune, of which the largest are Milejów Osada and Jaszczów. The focus of the study was an analysis of the fragmentation of plots belonging to individual owners, land layout, and scattering of cadastral plots in selected villages. The size of the patchwork of land in terms of land area, number of owners and number of plots in the commune under study was relatively large. Individual owners were found to own 97 23.7702 ha of land divided into 20 037 cadastral plots. The average land area in the studied commune was 0.49 ha. The analysis showed differences among the particular villages in the commune of Milejów. The main problems in the analysed area were large land fragmentation and a strip-type plot patchwork. The only rational program for restructuring the existing system of land ownership and elimination of excessive fragmentation is land consolidation.
Abstract. Land consolidation and land exchange are two important measures that can be used to improve the spatial structure of farm holdings. Unfortunately, land cannot be consolidated and exchanged in all villages of a given area simultaneously, due to economic, technical, and social considerations. Instead, an analysis has to be carried out, which allows one to rank the villages with regard to how urgently they need consolidation and exchange of land. When analyzing and assessing which areas require land management measures most urgently, and especially when performing comparative spatial analyses, it is recommendable to use the methods of multidimensional statistics to determine a synthetic measure. Synthetic measures convert the features of an object analysed into one aggregate variable, allowing one to determine, which objects require consolidation and exchange of land more urgently than others. The aim of this study was to determine the need for consolidation and exchange of land in sixteen villages of the commune of Frampol, located in Biłgoraj District, Lubelskie Voivodship. The research area covered 1,0293.55 ha of farmland divided into 27,417 land parcels (cadastral plots). The Helwig's method was used to determine the ranking list. The calculations were done using a group of factors identified on the basis of data obtained from a real estate cadastre database for each of the locations studied. The results, expressed in the form of a synthetic measure for each village, allowed us to develop a prioritization scheme for consolidation interventions in the area discussed.
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