Objective
To evaluate and compare the microbiological quality of osmosis water at the distribution loop, at the dialysis generator inlet and to study the prevalence of biofilm in the tubing.
Methods
Microbiological analysis of 20 water loop samples, 10 water samples were taken at the machine entry and 10 pipe segments from tubing connecting the machines to the loop was done.
Results
The bacterial enumeration results of the loop water vary from 90 to 150 CFU/mL, while the average number of bacteria at the entry of the machines was 182 CFU/mL. The counts of the adhered bacteria in the tubing were worrying with rates ranging from 4.30 to 6.74 Log CFU/ cm2. Fifty percentage of the strains isolated were Bacillus, followed by Enterobacter cloacae 23.52%, Staphylococcus, and others such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumanii. More than half of the tubing strains were highly formative of biofilm, 13 strains with medium capacity and 10 were weakly.
Conclusion
This study indicates bacterial water contamination. The formation of a biofilm will certainly harm the effectiveness of the various disinfection methods in this unit. Water quality is influenced not only by the high rate of bacterial colonization, but also differences in standards for dialysis water.
Introduction: The vanA gene continues to spread throughout the world. Algeria does not seem to be spared, but the data, which remain sporadic, are also old. This has justified the overriding interest in exploring the current state of antibiotic resistance in Enterococci, while focusing on the presence of certain genes. Aim: To study the isolation frequency and the level of antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) isolated during two years at the Tlemcen Hospital (northwest Algeria), while investigating the possible presence of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE). Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective study in which Enterococcus spp was isolated from five different departments which were identified and confirmed by molecular identification with ‘tuf’ gene. Antibiotic sensitivity was done by the agar diffusion and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method. The vancomycin resistance genes (van A, van B) were researched by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and then sequenced by the Genoscreen laboratory in Lille (France). SPSS software version 20 (IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistics 20) was used to analyse the data obtained from the study. Results: The PCR of the “tuf” gene revealed two predominant species E. faecalis and E. faecium. All isolates have a multidrug resistance, two E. faecium were distinguished by their resistance to vancomycin with MICs >256 μg/mL. At the origin of this resistance, the vanA gene was characterised and sequenced; the obtained sequence has been introduced into the Genbank National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Conclusion: This work revealed alarming levels of antibiotic resistance in Enterococci, the vanA gene was found in two E. faecium; sequencing of this gene has revealed a total homology with another isolated in Cuba, which demonstrates a worldwide spread of this resistance gene.
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