Abstract:The effects of pregnancy on the Oral Mucosa Disorder (OMD) have been sporadically documented in some developed countries. Less known is the status of OMD during pregnancy in less developed/developing countries. Iran is no exception. This study assesses the prevalence of OMD in 200 pregnant women and compares the findings with the findings from a 200 non-pregnant woman of similar age distribution in Iran. The participants had been referred to a clinic to receive reproductive age-related services. Participants suffering from systemic chronic diseases, those on medications/drugs, smokers, needing biopsies, and those with urgent Oral Mucosal Lesion (OML) treatments were excluded from the study. Oral mucosal of all 400 participants were examined. The participants' age ranges were from 17 to 47; with the average age of 33.14 for one group; and 30.23 for the other group. Both groups had the same level of formal education. Out of 400 examined women; 62 had lesions, including 47 pregnant (23.5%); and 15 non-pregnant (7.5%) women. This result shows that the OMD rate of occurrence was significantly higher among the pregnant women. Higher OML prevalence in pregnant women, as compared to OPEN ACCESS Dent. J. 2014, 2 135 the non-pregnant women, indicates the importance of timely oral examination of pregnant women and subsequent treatment plans for them.
The present study compared the nutritional status of schoolchildren from recently settled, ethnic minority tribespeople with those from a Persian village in southern Iran. Height and weight were measured and blood was collected from school children at three time points over 1·5 years. Supplemental Fe was provided to children with low Hb after the first screening. Twenty-one per cent of the children were wasted, 57 % were stunted and 23 % were anaemic. No statistically significant difference in the prevalence of wasting, stunting and anaemia was found between gender or ethnic groups. Children over the age of 12 years had a higher prevalence of wasting than children aged below 12 years. In a sub-sample of forty-one children the average BMI-for-age decreased. Fe supplementation increased Hb levels to normal in most children, but did not increase Fe level in a few children. Dietary deficiency of micronutrients, especially Zn and Fe, probably accounts for the high prevalence of stunting and anaemia in these children. Infection with Helicobacter pylori is another possible explanation for the Fe-deficiency anaemia. Further investigation is in progress to determine the cause(s) of the observed deficiencies. Iran: Qashqa'i: Schoolchildren's health statusIran is located in the Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan. It shares borders with Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey and Turkmenistan. Iran is divided into twentyeight provinces (Fig. 1). The population is young, with a median age of 22·9 years, and about 29 % are under the age of 15 years (CIA, 2003).Iran faces several public health challenges. The infant mortality rate is 44·17 per 1000 live births (CIA, 2003). Malnutrition is not uncommon especially in rural and southern Iran. According to a 1998 nationwide study of children ,5 years of age, approximately 15 % are moderately or severely stunted (,22 SD weight-for-age) and about 5 % moderately or severely wasted (,22 SD weight-for-height; Ministry of Health and Medical Education, 1998). Substantial differences exist between rural and urban provinces. Twenty-two per cent of rural children aged ,5 years are stunted compared with 11·0 % of urban children. The highest rate of stunting is 38·1 % in Sistan va Baluchestan in the south east and the lowest is 6·8 % in Gilan in the north east. The difference in the prevalence of wasting between rural and urban areas is small, with 5·6 % of urban and 4·6 % of rural children meeting the criteria for wasting. However, the difference between provinces is large. The highest rate of wasting is 11·3 % in Harmozgan in the south west and the lowest rate is 1·1 % in Golestan in the north west (Ministry of Health and Medical Education, 1998).The same study revealed that only 14 % of children had their weight recorded regularly on their growth card, with 69 % having two or fewer weights recorded (Ministry of Health and Medical Education, 1998). During the week preceding the interview, protein-rich fo...
Objective: In gynecology, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has an overall accuracy of 94.5% in differentiation between benign and malignant tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine reliable cytological criteria for categorizing ovarian masses into benign and malignant categories, their subtypes, and also to evaluate FNA accuracy in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors in relation to histopathological findings. Study Design: A prospective study was performed on all patients with a preoperative diagnosis of ovarian tumor who were referred to our hospital between August 2013 and August 2015. During surgery, FNA was performed using an 18-gauge needle by a pathologist. Aspirated material was spread on clean glass slides and stained with Papanicolaou and Wright-Giemsa stains. The cytological findings and results were compared with the histological diagnosis. Results: Of the 81 cases in this study, there was a discrepancy between the cytological and histological diagnosis in 9 cases. The overall cytological diagnostic accuracy in our study was 88.9% with a sensitivity and specificity of 78.1 and 95.5%, respectively. Conclusion: FNA of an ovarian mass is a minimally invasive procedure with acceptable diagnostic accuracy, especially when differentiating between benign and malignant lesions, and can be considered as a useful diagnostic modality for choosing an appropriate management course.
Anthropological field research in Iran, mainly in the village of Aliabad and in nearby Shiraz in south-west Iran, has documented radical social, cultural, religious and economic change over the last 28 years. Increasing emphasis on the nuclear rather than the extended family and pressures for geographic and social mobility have profoundly influenced the lives of the elderly. The traditional family system of support for elders -with regard to emotional and social needs, as well as financial assistance and physical care -is breaking down. Social scientists, social workers and health personnel must focus on adequately addressing the needs and concerns of the Iranian elderly in the twenty-first century and on developing alternative systems to deal with key elderly issues of health, well-being and social incorporation.
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