Background:Nowadays, prevalence of addictive behaviors among bipolar patients is considered to be a serious health threat by the World Health Organization. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of behavioral activation and inhibition systems in predicting addictive behaviors of male patients with bipolar disorder at the Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital.Materials and Methods:The research method used in this study is correlation. The study population consisted of 80 male patients with bipolar disorder referring to the psychiatrics clinics of Tehran city in 2014 who were referred to the Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital. To collect data, the international and comprehensive inventory diagnostic interview, behavioral activation and inhibition systems scale, and addictive behaviors scale were used.Results:The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between behavioral activation systems and addictive behaviors (addictive eating, alcohol addiction, television addiction, cigarette addiction, mobile addiction, etc.). In addition, correlation between behavioral inhibition systems and addictive behaviors (addictive eating, alcohol addiction, TV addiction, cigarette addiction, mobile addiction) is significantly negative. Finally, regression analysis showed that behavioral activation and inhibition systems could significantly predict 47% of addictive behaviors in patients with bipolar disorder.Conclusions:It can be said that the patients with bipolar disorder use substance and addictive behaviors for enjoyment and as pleasure stimulants; they also use substances to suppress unpleasant stimulants and negative emotions. These results indicate that behavioral activation and inhibition systems have an important role in the incidence and exacerbation of addictive behaviors. Therefore, preventive interventions in this direction seem to be necessary.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on information processing and academic performance of dyslexic students. This research was a quasi-experimental clinical trial with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The research population consisted of all dyslexic students referring to the Omid Educational and Rehabilitation Center, Arak in 2017. Methods: The available sampling method was done and all students at the center participated in the research, of whom 30 students were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The research tools were Pham and Taylor educational performance test and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). The experimental group received 12 sessions of cognitive rehabilitation. The results were analyzed using the Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA). Results: The results of MANCOVA showed that cognitive rehabilitation was effective in dyslexic students’ data processing (P≤0.05), but it had no significant effect on their academic performance (P≥0.05). Conclusion: Considering the cognitive rehabilitation problems of these children can be effective in expediting their learning.
The role of mindfulness and psychological flexibility in somatization, depression, anxiety, and general psychological distress in a nonclinical college ... Aims It seems that the cognitive and characteristic aspects of some of the veterans' wives have been influenced by the consequences of war on their lives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hope promotion cognitive training on characteristic abilities, psychological flexibility, and cognitive functions reconstruction of veterans' wives. Materials & Methods In this semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group, 50 veterans' wives from Kazeroon, Iran in 2017 were selected by available sampling method; they were randomly divided to two experimental (n=25) and control (n=25) groups. To collect the data, Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and Values in Action Inventory were used. The experimental group received cognitive hope promotion training for 6 weeks. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 23 software, using multivariate analysis of covariance analysis. Findings By controlling the effects of pre-test, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of overall score of characteristic abilities, psychological flexibility, and cognitive functions reconstruction (p=0.0001). Also, after the intervention, the mean scores of characteristic abilities and cognitive functions reconstruction increased significantly in the experimental group (p<0.05); these increases were not significant only in inhibitory control and selective attention as well as social cognition (p>0.05). Conclusion Hope promotion cognitive training has an effect on the characteristic abilities, psychological flexibility, and cognitive functions reconstruction of veterans' wives, but it does not affect the inhibitory control and selective attention as well as social cognition.
Objective: The present research aimed to explore the effects of cognitive-metacognitive strategies and positive psychology training skills on academic self-efficacy, academic burnout, and learning strategies. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental with an unequal control group design. The statistical population included students in Arak City, Iran, in the academic year 2019-2020. Accordingly, 45 of whom were selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly divided into 3 experimental and control groups (n=15/group). The study participants completed the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, Bresso et al.’s (1997) Burnout Questionnaire, and the Learning Strategies Scale. The study hypotheses were tested by Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: The present study data indicated that concerning self-efficacy and academic burnout, teaching cognitive-metacognitive strategies was more effective than positive psychology training (P<0.01). Conclusion: The present research results that teaching cognitive-metacognitive strategies and positive psychology promoted academic self-efficacy and learning strategies and reduced academic burnout.
Background and Objective: According to the important role of nurses in the community, identifying the factors affecting on their work, personal and marital life and don the preventive actions in this regard seems to be necessary. Therefore, considering the necessity of improving of nurses' life, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on social well-being, quality of life and marital satisfaction of nurses.
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