Laser ablation is one of the main mechanisms of polymers destruction under the action of laser radiation. In this paper, the basic information on laser ablation of polymers is presented. Under the action of laser radiation on the polymer, processes of thermal, thermo-oxidative, and mechanical degradation occur simultaneously, resulting in the evaporation of macromolecules fragments (up to oligomers), and in some cases, separation of polymer particles and filler by a gas or plasma jet is observed. In addition, a substance ablation is accompanied by a large number of concomitant effects: vapor condensation and liquid phase dispersion.
The effect of laser radiation on the dielectric parameters of polymethyl methacrylate at a frequency of 50 kHz in the 170–420 K temperature range was investigated. It was shown that the laser pulse treatment of specimens leads to considerable changes in their dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss tangent.
This work analyzes the properties of polymers, which make them indispensable in the manufacture of elements used in optics, since the main requirement for polymers is stability when exposed to laser radiation. Currently, polymers are used as active laser media. The most commonly used is polymethyl methacrylate, which is highly transparent and the most resistant in relation to laser exposure.
An investigation was made of the effect of high-velocity impact loading and laser irradiation on processes of failure in polymethyl methacrylate. Under impact load, PMMA fails, with the formation of cracks and the release of large fragments. In the case of laser treatment of a PMMA target, loss of continuity of the target material occurs mainly in the near-surface regions-front and back. The maximum fractures are observed on the back surface of the target. The conducted investigations showed that, for polymethyl methacrylate, there exist differences for the different forms of treatment.
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