In situ investigation of displaced chain walls in 80 at% Ni Permalloy under applied in-plane magnetic field has been carried out by out-offocus methods of Lorentz electron microscopy. The magnetic flux in the plane of the film is schematically illustrated. The in-plane magnetic field applied to the foil is produced by a homemade magnetizing stage. By adjusting magnitude and direction of the electric current through the coils of the magnetizing stage, the magnetization reversal process of the magnetic domain wall has been in situ observed.
Distribution of magnetic field during electromagnetic continuous casting of hollow billets of aluminum alloys is studied by the method of numerical simulation. Two-dimensional axis-symmetric finite element model including water-cooled core, outer mould, ingot, inner and outer induction coil has been established. Distribution of magnetic flux density is obtained by solving magnetic vector potential formulations. 1) In electromagnetic casting, inner and outer induction coil interact, magnitude and admeasurements of current affect directly distribution of magnetic flux density. 2) Magnetic flux density near interior surface of pipe wall is increased notablely by increasing appropriately frequency. 3) Phase difference affects the magnitude and direction of the gradient of magnetic flux density
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