BackgroundBone mineral density (BMD) loss is a major complication of menopause, and this loss is closely associated with Fat mass (FM). The relationship between FM, fat distribution (FD), and BMD in postmenopausal women, however, remains incompletely understood. The present study was thus developed to explore these associations between body fat accumulation, FD, and BMD among non-obese postmenopausal women over the age of 60.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional analysis of 357 healthy postmenopausal women between the ages of 60.2 and 86.7 years. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was utilized to measure total and regional BMD as well as fat-related parameters including total FM, android and gynoid fat, body fat percentage (BF%), and total lean mass (LM) for all subjects. The android-to-gynoid fat ratio (AOI) was used to assess FD. Pearson’s correlation testing and multiple regression analyses were used to explore relationships among AOI, LM, FM, and BMD.ResultsBoth LM and FM were positively correlated with total and regional BMD in univariate analysis (all P < 0.01), whereas BMD was not significantly associated with AOI in any analyzed site other than the head. Multivariate linear regression models corrected for age, height, and years post-menopause, revealed a sustained independent positive relationship between FM and BMD (standard β range: 0.141 – 0.343, P < 0.01). The relationship between FM and BMD was unaffected by adjustment for LM (standard β range: 0.132 – 0.258, P < 0.01), whereas AOI had an adverse impact on BMD at most analyzed skeletal sites (total body, hip, femoral neck, arm, leg, and head) (standard β range: −0.093 to −0.232, P < 0.05). These findings were unaffected by using BF% in place of FM (standard β range: −0.100 to −0.232, P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn this cohort of non-obese postmenopausal women over the age of 60 from China, total FM was positively associated with BMD, while AOI was negatively correlated with BMD. As such, a combination of proper weight gain and the control of central obesity may benefit the overall bone health of women after menopause.
Background: Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is easy to be missed because of its small focus, concealed incidence and lack of clinical features. Ultrasound examination is one of the main methods for the detection and diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. The detection rate of conventional ultrasound is not ideal. Combined ultrasound elastography can improve the detection rate, but there is lack of evidence-based evidence. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the value of conventional ultrasound combined with ultrasound elastography in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Methods: A systematic search was performed by retrieving on English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu (VIP), CBM). The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to November 2020 and manually search for the conventional ultrasound combined with ultrasound elastography in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Two researchers extracted and evaluated the quality of the data in the included study independently. A meta-analysis was performed using Meta Disc1.4 and RevMan5.3 software. Conclusions: This study will evaluate the accuracy and practicability of conventional ultrasound combined with ultrasonic elastography in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, and provide evidence-based basis for clinicians to choose the appropriate or best diagnostic method. Ethics and dissemination: The private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also will not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval is not required. OSF Registration number: DOI: 10.17605 / OSF.IO / V6HK7.
Objective:This study was performed to investigate the relationship between the human melanogenesis and antioxidant systems and to further confirm the synergistic effect of oxyresveratrol (OXYR) and resveratrol (RES) in human epidermal melanocyte cell line.Methods:The human epidermal melanocyte line PIG1 cells were divided into the UV groups and control group, treated with different doses of UVB and without UVB, respectively. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis. The expression of Nrf2/HO-1 and melanogenesis-associated proteins/genes was measured by Western blotting and real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR). pCMV6-XL5-Nrf2 was used to upregulate the expression of Nrf2. Subsequently, the proteins/genes levels of Nrf2/HO-1 and tyrosinase (TYR), melanin/eumelanin content, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed. Isobologram analysis and cell experiment were used to analyze whether OXYR and RES inhibit TYR synergistically. Western blotting, RT-qPCR, and NaOH splitting method were used to determine the Nrf2/HO-1 and melanogenesis-associated proteins/genes expression and melanin content to evaluate the efficacy of OXYR and RES.Results:The activated Nrf2 and HO-1 eliminated ROS produced by UVB irradiation. The melanogenesis-associated proteins/genes of melanocyte-inducing transcription factor (MITF, P < 0.01 on protein expression), TYR (both P < 0.01), TYR-related protein (TRP)-1 (both P < 0.05), and TRP2 (P < 0.05 on mRNA expression) were activated in PIG1 cells by UVB irradiation. Simultaneously, the upregulation of Nrf2 significantly reduced melanogenesis formation (P < 0.001) and TYR level (P < 0.01 on protein expression). Moreover, OXYR and RES synergistically inhibited TYR activity (P < 0.001) and reduced melanin content (P < 0.001).Conclusions:A microbalance exists between Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and melanogenesis production in the UVB-induced responses of melanocytes. Simultaneously, OXYR enhances the ability of RES to inhibit melanin production.
Aim: Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) may assess radioactive iodine ablation. Materials & methods: According the 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines, patients were categorized into low- to intermediate-risk or high-risk groups. The iodine concentration in the morning urine specimens was measured by the ceric ion-arsenious acid method. Results: In the low- to intermediate-risk group (113 cases), nonexcellent response (non-ER) was associated with higher UIC, higher UIC subgroups (p < 0.05), higher pre-ablative stimulated thyroglobulin levels (p < 0.01). In the high-risk group (68 cases), the non-ER rate was higher in the higher pre-ablative stimulated thyroglobulin group (p < 0.01), but not significantly different between the UIC and UIC subgroups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The non-ER rate was related to UIC in the low- to intermediate-risk group; however, UIC did not affect the non-ER rate in the high-risk group.
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