This study demonstrates the feasibility of the proactive received power prediction by leveraging spatiotemporal visual sensing information toward the reliable millimeter-wave (mmWave) networks.Since the received power on a mmWave link can attenuate aperiodically due to a human blockage, the long-term series of the future received power cannot be predicted by analyzing the received signals before the blockage occurs. We propose a novel mechanism that predicts a time series of the received power from the next moment to even several hundred milliseconds ahead. The key idea is to leverage the camera imagery and machine learning (ML). The time-sequential images can involve the spatial geometry and the mobility of obstacles representing the mmWave signal propagation. ML is used to build the prediction model from the dataset of sequential images labeled with the received power in several hundred milliseconds ahead of when each image is obtained. The simulation and experimental evaluations using IEEE 802.11ad devices and a depth camera show that the proposed mechanism employing convolutional LSTM predicted a time series of the received power in up to 500 ms ahead at an inference time of less than 3 ms with a root-mean-square error of 3.5 dB.Parts of this work were presented at the 85th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring) and the IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC). 2 Index Terms millimeter-wave communications, link quality prediction, proactive prediction, machine learning, supervised learning, depth image Received power (dBm) Grand truth (a) When the camera was at A low . Received power (dBm) Grand truth (b) When the camera was at A high .

Effect of composition distribution of ABC linear terpolymers on the formation of periodic structures was investigated. Five poly(isoprene-b-styrene-b-2-vinylpyridine) (ISP) triblock terpolymers with almost constant molecular weights of ca. 130k and with similar center-block fraction at around 0.55, were blended variously. It has been found that tricontinuous gyroid structures gradually transform into a cylindrical structure whose rectangular cylinders are packed tetragonally if composition distribution increases. Further experiments by 3D-TEM observation on binary equimolar mixtures of two molecules with similar molecular weights of 122k and 124k, giving the average composition of φI/φS/φP = 0.23/0.59/0.18, has verified to show more evident rectangular-shaped cylinders with 4-fold symmetry. This new structure, having periodic surfaces with nonconstant mean-curvature, could be formed due to the systematic localization of component polymer chains along the domain interfaces.

The potassium channel is highly selective for K(+) over Na(+), and the selectivity filter binds multiple dehydrated K(+) ions upon permeation. Here, we applied attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to extract ion-binding-induced signals of the KcsA potassium channel at neutral pH. Shifts in the peak of the amide-I signal towards lower vibrational frequencies were observed as K(+) was replaced with Na(+). These ion species-specific shifts deduced the selectivity filter as the source of the signal, which was supported by the spectra of a mutant for the selectivity filter (Y78F). The difference FTIR spectra between the solution containing various concentrations of K(+) and that containing pure Na(+) demonstrated two types of peak shifts of the amide-I vibration in response to the K(+) concentration. These signals represent the binding of K(+) ions to the different sites in the selectivity filter with different dissociation constants (KD = 9 or 18 mM).

A specific phase structure was observed for binary blends of poly(isoprene)-block-poly(styrene)-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (ISP) triblock terpolymers with asymmetric chain lengths of two end-blocks. Tetragonal-packed cylinders were obtained from various binary blends on a wide range of volume fractions, although the sizes of I and P cylinders were highly asymmetric. Those structures have never been found for monodisperse ABC triblock terpolymers, and the three specific features have been confirmed: (1) I cylinders were metamorphosed into rod domains, and their interfaces have nonconstant mean curvatures; (2) the cross-sectional area ratio of I/P domain is qualitatively changed with the volume fraction of each component; and (3) spherical and cylindrical domains of P component coexist. The molecular design adopted in the present work, that is, I and P blocks in two parent terpolymers have both fairly large chain length difference, must lead to these new morphologies.

Three poly(styrene)-block-poly(isoprene)-block-poly-(lactide) (PS-b-PI-b-PLA, SIL) triblock terpolymers were synthesized and characterized in the bulk and as thin films. The pronounced incompatibility of the covalently connected PI and PLA led to significant frustration and the tendency to minimize their intermaterial dividing surface area. This resulted in the formation of a core−shell cylinder morphology with exaggerated nonconstant mean curvature from triblock polymers with equal block volume fractions rather than the more typical lamellar morphology. The effect of frustration was magnified in thin films by both confinement and interfacial interactions such that the PI domains became discontinuous. Selfconsistent field theory (SCFT) calculations emphasize that the marked difference in the PS/PI and PI/PLA interaction parameters promotes the formation of nonlamellar morphologies. However, SCFT predicts that lamellar morphology is more stable than the observed cylindrical morphology, demonstrating a limitation that arises from the underlying assumptions.