Plant endophytes are rich in secondary metabolites and are widely used in medicine, chemical, food, agriculture, and other fields. Here, an endophytic fungus is isolated from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves and identified as Alternaria brassicae GL07 through genotypic characterizations. It can produce fruity scented volatiles. The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was done by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total of 32 components were identified; and at different culture times, the composition of VOCs was different. It had more components in the first two weeks, but a fewer components on the 21st day. More olefins, ketone, aldehyde, and alcohol were found in the growth period and more amines and esters were found in the decline period. Also, 2,5‐dihydroxyacetophenone, β‐ionone, and nonanal were found. They were the same ingredients in Ginkgo essential oils and some of them were isolated for the first time in the volatile constituents of endophytes. The antioxidant activity and whitening activities of all extracts were also evaluated. When cultured for 10 days, it had the strongest 2,2‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical (IC50, 0.56 g/L), hydroxyl radical scavenging ability (IC50, 0.47 g/L), reducing ability, and tyrosinase inhibition ability (IC50, 5.18 g/L), which may be due to a large amount of ketones and alcohols produced during the log phase. This demonstrates the potential of A. brassicae GL07 to produce bioactive compounds and to be used for perfume and cosmetic industries.
An endophytic fungus that can produce flavonoids was isolated from the seed of Ginkgo biloba cultured in Czapek-Dox medium, and chromatographic separation of the ethyl acetate extract of the broth and mycelium led to the isolation of ergosterol (1), 2'-hydroxychalcone (2), myristic acid (3), cis-9-octadecenoamide(4), quercetin (5), carboxybenzene (6), uracil (7) and nicotinamide ( 8) .This study is the first to report of the isolation of the endophytic fungus Psathyrella candolleana from the seed of Ginkgo biloba with complete assignments of 1-8. Compound (5) exhibited strong antioxidant activity of diphenyl picryl hydrazinyl (CL 50 14.538 μg/mg), and compounds (5) , ( 6) and ( 8) have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 0.3906, 0.7812 and 6.25 mg/mL).
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