The expression of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA; CD10), which is identical to neutral endopeptidase (NEP, EC3.424.11), was examined in the malignant and adjacent noninvaded tissues of the human stomach and colon (n = 27). All of 27 normal and 18 well or moderately differentiated adenocarcioma tissue specimens were positive for monoclonal antibody (mAb) NL-1 against CD10/NEP, whereas the expression level was clearly decreased in all of 9 specimens of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. In addition, all of 7 gastric or colorectal carcinoma cell lines tested showed decreased expression of CD10/NEP. Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis of the crude antigen J5 from the normal colon tissue lysate by mAb J5 detected a single band of approximately 100 kDa that was consistent with that of NALM-6 cells used as a positive control. These findings suggest that CD10/NEP is expressed in normal epithelial cells of the human stomach and colon, whereas the expression level is decreased in the poorly differentiated type of adenocarcinoma.
The model reduction based on the method of snapshots is applied to the finite element analysis of three dimensional transient eddy current problems. It is known that accuracy of the reduced model highly depends on the number of snapshots. In this paper, we introduce a novel method which determines the adequate number of snapshots automatically. It is shown that the computational time can be reduced when using the model reduction based on the present method.Index Terms-Model order reduction, method of snapshots, proper orthogonal decomposition, finite element method, eddy current problem.
The amplification and/or rearrangement of the cyclin D1 gene, a positive regulatory element of the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle, has been reported in various human tumors, suggesting an oncogenic role of this gene. In this study, we investigated the expression of cyclin D1 in the formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues of 25 patients, using monoclonal antibody 5D4 raised against cyclin D1. Two distinct patterns of staining were observed in HCC cells, nuclear and cytoplasmic. The nuclear staining pattern of cyclin D1 was detected in the tissues of only 2 of the 25 HCC patients (8%) examined and no particular clinicopathological characteristics were found in these patients. In contrast, the cytoplasmic staining pattern, without nuclear staining, was detected in 8 of the 25 patients with HCC (32%). A significant correlation was found between the expression of cytoplasmic cyclin D1 and patients with tumor thrombus in the portal vein (Vp), as well as those with intrahepatic metastasis (IM). These results indicate that the cytoplasmic cyclin D1 expression appears to be related to the prognosis of HCC. The Ag nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) counts in cyclin D1-positive and -negative patients were not significantly different, suggesting that immunostaining for cyclin D1 has the potential to be a unique prognostic marker in human HCC. Simultaneous immunohistochemical study with p53 antibody in the same series of HCC revealed that 88% of the patients positive for cyclin D1 also expressed p53 and that in 91% of the patients negative for p53, cyclin D1 was not expressed. These results suggest that cyclin D1 is expressed later than the alteration of p53 in the progression of human HCC.
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