Hexagonally packed water droplets condensed on a polymer solution are potential templates for the formation of honeycomb-patterned porous polymer films. A small number of surface-active molecules is indispensable for the stabilization of water droplets during solvent evaporation. Biocompatible surfactants; e.g., phospholipids, are required for the fabrication of biodegradable honeycombpatterned polymer films, which can be used as novel biomedical materials, mainly in vivo. Among various kinds of phospholipids, dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) has been reported to be the most suitable surfactant for the formation of honeycomb-patterned PLA films. Interfacial tension between a water droplet and the polymer solution is largely dependent on the chemical structure of the phospholipids. DOPE shows high interfacial tension, resulting in the stabilization of water droplets during solvent evaporation. Dierucoylphosphatidylcholine (DEPC) and dierucoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DEPE), both of which display high interfacial tension, were also found to be suitable biocompatible surfactants.
Intraperitoneal adhesion is a serious problem concerning abdominal surgery. This study evaluated the performance of a honeycomb-patterned poly(lactide) (HCPLA) film as a physical barrier for preventing postoperative adhesion. HCPLA films were prepared using dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) or a copolymer of dodecylacrylamide and omega-carboxyhexylacrylamide (CAP) as a surfactant (HCPLA-DOPE and HCPLA-CAP, respectively). In an in vivo adhesion prevention experiment, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent standard cecum abrasion before midline laparotomy. We placed 2 cm x 2 cm HCPLA and flat films on the gliding interfaces; untreated rats formed the control group. After 1 week, adhesion was scored from 0 to 4. No significant difference was observed in the scores among groups, but macroscopic differences in adhesion prevention were observed. The adhesive strength of HCPLA-DOPE (18.1 +/- 1.2 g) to skinless chicken breast was significantly higher than that of the flat film (15.2 +/- 0.8 g, p < 0.05). Further, the adhesion score after 1 week for the HCPLA-DOPE group (1.6 +/- 0.2) was significantly lower than that for the control group (3.0 +/- 0.3, p < 0.05) but comparable to that for the Seprafilm group (1.4 +/- 0.3). These results demonstrated the potential of HCPLA-DOPE as a physical barrier for preventing postoperative adhesion.
Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a thin honeycomb-patterned biodegradable film for glaucoma filtration surgery in rabbits.Methods. A 7μm-thick film made from poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) was placed in the subconjunctival space in one eye of rabbits, with or without full-thickness filtration surgery. The film had a honeycomb-patterned surface that faced the subconjunctival Tenon tissue and the other side was smooth. Filtration surgery was also performed in the fellow eye, which received either no adjunctive treatment or 0.4 mg/ml mitomycin C (MMC; n=6 each). Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements and bleb evaluations using ultrasound biomicroscopy were performed periodically for 28 days after surgery followed by histological observation.Results. Postoperative IOPs of the film-treated eyes were significantly lower than that of control eyes from day 10 to day 28 (P<0.05), but were not significantly different from those of MMC-treated eyes. The subconjunctival filtration space, detected by ultrasound biomicroscopy, disappeared in five control eyes, one MMC-treated eye, but none of the film-treated eyes. A bleb leak occurred postoperatively in two MMC-treated eyes. Histologically, in eyes without filtration surgery, fibrotic tissue with the film partly attached to it was noted on the honeycomb side, but was minimal on the sclera that faced the smooth side of the film. In eyes with filtration surgery, the honeycombpatterned film lined the inner bleb wall with minimal inflammatory reaction.Conclusions. The thin honeycomb-patterned film that attached to the inner bleb wall worked as an adhesion barrier in glaucoma filtration surgery in rabbits, which is worthy of further investigation. Methods. A 7μm-thick film made from poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) was placed in the subconjunctival space in one eye of rabbits, with or without full-thickness filtration surgery. The film had a honeycomb-patterned surface that faced the subconjunctival Tenon tissue and the other side was smooth. Filtration surgery was also performed in the fellow eye, which received either no adjunctive treatment or 0.4 mg/ml mitomycin C (MMC; n=6 each). Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements and bleb evaluations using ultrasound biomicroscopy were performed periodically for 28 days after surgery followed by histological observation.Results. Postoperative IOPs of the film-treated eyes were significantly lower than that of control eyes from day 10 to day 28 (P<0.05), but were not significantly different from those of MMC-treated eyes. The subconjunctival filtration space, detected by ultrasound biomicroscopy, disappeared in five control eyes, one MMC-treated eye, but none of the film-treated eyes. A bleb leak occurred postoperatively in two MMC-treated eyes. Histologically, in eyes without filtration surgery, fibrotic tissue with the film partly attached to it was noted on the honeycomb side, but was minimal on the sclera that faced the smooth side of the film. In eyes with filtration surgery, the honeycomb-pattern...
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