Current methods for evaluating the accuracy of germline variant calls are restricted to easy-to-detect high-confidence regions, thus ignoring a substantial portion of difficult variants beyond the benchmark regions. We established four DNA reference materials from immortalized cell lines derived from a Chinese Quartet including parents and monozygotic twins. We integrated benchmark calls of 4.2 million small variants and 15,000 structural variants from multiple platforms and bioinformatic pipelines for evaluating the reliability of germline variant calls inside the benchmark regions. The genetic built-in-truth of the Quartet family design not only improved sensitivity of benchmark calls by removing additional false positive variants with apparently high quality, but also enabled estimation of the precision of variants calls outside the benchmark regions. Batch effects of variant calling in large-scale DNA sequencing efforts can be effectively identified with the concurrent use of the Quartet DNA reference materials along with study samples, and can be alleviated by training a machine learning model with the Quartet reference datasets to remove potential artifact calls. Matched RNA and protein reference materials were also established in the Quartet project, thereby enabling benchmark calls constructed from DNA reference materials for evaluation of variants calling performance on RNA and protein data. The Quartet DNA reference materials from this study are a resource for objective and comprehensive assessment of the accuracy of germline variant calls throughout the whole-genome regions.
Multiomics profiling is a powerful tool to characterize the same samples with complementary features orchestrating the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. However, the lack of ground truth hampers the objective assessment of and subsequent choice from a plethora of measurement and computational methods aiming to integrate diverse and often enigmatically incomparable omics datasets. Here we establish and characterize the first suites of publicly available multiomics reference materials of matched DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites derived from immortalized cell lines from a family quartet of parents and monozygotic twin daughters, providing built-in truth defined by family relationship and the central dogma. We demonstrate that the "ratio"-based omics profiling data, i.e., by scaling the absolute feature values of a study sample relative to those of a concurrently measured universal reference sample, were inherently much more reproducible and comparable across batches, labs, platforms, and omics types, thus empower the horizontal (within-omics) and vertical (cross-omics) data integration in multiomics studies. Our study identifies "absolute" feature quantitation as the root cause of irreproducibility in multiomics measurement and data integration, and urges a paradigm shift from "absolute" to "ratio"-based multiomics profiling with universal reference materials.
Molecular subtyping of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is essential for understanding the mechanisms and discovering actionable targets of this highly heterogeneous type of breast cancer. We previously performed a large single-center and multiomics study consisting of genomics, transcriptomics, and clinical information from 465 patients with primary TNBC. To facilitate reusing this unique dataset, we provided a detailed description of the dataset with special attention to data quality in this study. The multiomics data were generally of high quality, but a few sequencing data had quality issues and should be noted in subsequent data reuse. Furthermore, we reconduct data analyses with updated pipelines and the updated version of the human reference genome from hg19 to hg38. The updated profiles were in good concordance with those previously published in terms of gene quantification, variant calling, and copy number alteration. Additionally, we developed a user-friendly web-based database for convenient access and interactive exploration of the dataset. Our work will facilitate reusing the dataset, maximize the values of data and further accelerate cancer research.
Multiomics profiling is a powerful tool to characterize the same samples with complementary features orchestrating the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. However, the lack of ground truth hampers the objective assessment of and subsequent choice from a plethora of measurement and computational methods aiming to integrate diverse and often enigmatically incomparable omics datasets. Here we establish and characterize the first suites of publicly available multiomics reference materials of matched DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites derived from immortalized cell lines from a family quartet of parents and monozygotic twin daughters, providing built-in truth defined by family relationship and the central dogma. We demonstrate that the "ratio"-based omics profiling data, i.e., by scaling the absolute feature values of a study sample relative to those of a concurrently measured universal reference sample, were inherently much more reproducible and comparable across batches, labs, platforms, and omics types, thus empower the horizontal (within-omics) and vertical (cross-omics) data integration in multiomics studies. Our study identifies "absolute" feature quantitation as the root cause of irreproducibility in multiomics measurement and data integration, and urges a paradigm shift from "absolute" to "ratio"-based multiomics profiling with universal reference materials.
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