A simple, rapid method of the detection of piperine in black pepper is reported using a voltammetric sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode (GC) with analysis following a short one-step extraction using ethanol. The method is based on a novel potential sweep designed to maximise signal sizes and shown with context of the present analytical challenge to be essential for gathering data allowing the construction of a linear calibration curve for the analysis in the relevant range namely 0.25-5.0 mM.
The widely employed electroanalytical technique of adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdsSV) is critically assessed and evaluated at a wide and diverse range of unmodified and nanoparticle modified carbon electrodes using the analyte fipronil as a paradigmatic case. The generic electroanalytical performances of the nano-particle modified electrodes are investigated and compared with the unmodified electrodes revealing similar LOD values and pointing to intrinsic limitations of AdsSV arising from the non-independence of the Faradaic and capacitive signals during the stripping step. Methods for facilitating the adsorption or using different waveforms that may offer a more favourable limit of detection (LOD) at the nano-particle modified electrodes are suggested and assessed, specifically the use of adsorption onto particles prior to their use for modifying electrodes and also the recently introduced method of semicircular voltammetry.
The electrode‐passivating species, phenol, was electrochemically determined by using semicircular sweep voltammetry on a basal‐plane pyrolytic graphite (BPPG) electrode. The electrode fouling caused by the polymerization of phenol was prevented at low concentrations by introducing a second species, 4‐amino‐2,6‐dichlorophenol (PAP), to prevent the polymerization of phenol in the vicinity of the electrode surface. Semicircular sweep voltammetry was used to amplify the analytical signal, realizing the detection of phenol in the concentration range of 25–800 μM without problems of electrode fouling.
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