A Low Pressure Compressor (LPC) is unique in its requirements for wide operating range during a flight mission. As a result, the aerodynamic design involves a trade-off between performance and stall margin. The requirement to reduce engine development cost and schedule has resulted in developing LPCs during the engine validation program. With engine validation and certification schedules being compressed continuously, getting the initial design right has become critical. Multistage CFD analysis is used in the current design process to optimize the airfoils and stage matching. Three-dimensional airfoil features, such as bow, that improve secondary flow features and can be optimized using CFD. The PW6000 LPC engine test data has validated the analytical results and demonstrated surge margin and efficiency levels above the requirements. The LPC also achieved all other design objectives in its first build, representing a significant cost saving for a new centerline engine development program.
Chelating electroplating sludge contains high grade of toxic metals or heavy metals, so this sludge should be treated and recovered of valuable metals from it. This paper mainly studied on the recovery process of Copper, Nickel and Zinc process from sulfuric acid leaching solution of roasted chelating electroplated sludge. It provided an effective technique for recovery of valuable metals from acid leaching solution. The efficiency of the process had been measured with the metal recovery rate. Experimental results showed that recovery rate of Copper and Nickel can respectively achieve at 99.30% and 97.00% from acid leaching solution after removal iron with zinc powder used reducing agent. The process has simple operation and high recovery rate. It can solve the environmental pollution problem of electroplating sludge and valuable metals can be recovered from which. It could bring better economic and environmental benefits to the enterprise.
In this second part of a two-part paper on the application of the NASA multistage aerodynamic simulation CFD tool, the APNASA code, work is presented on how the code was used successfully in the design of a brand new, four-stage axial compressor aimed for a modern turbofan engine. In particular, the code was used to guide the blade geometry changes such that the right stage matching throughout the compressor was achieved. The overall performance is shown to be in good agreement with the map generated prior to the detailed design from a one-dimensional model, including the surge line. This success is attributed to the fact that the compressor has been successfully matched at its design intention. More detailed comparisons of the measurements with the prediction demonstrate capability of APNASA in capturing details of flow, such as the rotor exit pressure and temperature profiles and the stator exit flow angle. Largely as a result of the application of APNASA, the compressor described in this paper has been designed “right the first time”, resulting in significant cost savings in a new engine development program for Honeywell Engines and Systems.
The typical microstructure of the laser melting deposition (LMD) additive-manufactured Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si alloy (TC11) contains the heat-affected bands (HABs), the narrow bands (NBs) and the melting pools (MPs) that formed due to the reheating and superheating effects during the layer-by-layer manufacturing process. Characterization results indicated that the coarse primary α lath (αp) and transformed β (βt) structures were located in the HABs, while the fine basketweave structure was formed inside the MPs. The rapid modifications of microstructure and tensile properties of the LMD-TC11 via electropulsing treatment (EPT) were investigated. The initial heterogeneous microstructure transformed into a complete basketweave structure and the HABs vanished after EPT. Thus, a more homogeneous microstructure was achieved in the EPT sample. The ultrafast microstructural changes were mainly attributed to the solid state phase transformation during electropulsing. The tensile properties of the sample were basically stable, except that the yield strength decreased as EPT voltage increased. This study suggests that EPT could be a promising method to modify the microstructure and mechanical properties of the additive-manufactured alloys in a very short time.
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