Current antiretroviral HIV therapies continue to have problems related to procedural complications, toxicity, and uncontrolled side effects. In this study, amino phenylboronic acid-modified carbon dots (APBA-CDs) were introduced as a new nanoparticle-based on gp120 targeting that inhibits HIV-1 entry processes. Prolonged by simple pyrolysis for preparing carbon dots, this report further explores attributing amino phenylboronic acid on carbon dots, which prove the formation of graphene-like structures on carbon dots and boronic acid sites, thereby enabling the enhancement of positive optical properties through photoluminescent detection. Aside from performing well in terms of biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity (the CC 50 reach up to 11.2 mg/mL), APBA-CDs exhibited superior capabilities in terms of prohibiting HIV-1 entry onto targeted MOLT-4 cells recognized by the delimitations of syncitia formation and higher ATP signal rather than bare carbon dots. The modified carbon dots also promote dual-action on HIV-1 treatment by both intracellularly and extracellularly viral blocking by combining with the Duviral drug, along with compressing p24 antigen signals that are better than APBA-CDs and Duviral itself.
The development of multifunction material was considered to attain effectiveness on cancer treatment. The present study pursues the potential application of metal ferrite nanoparticles covered with CDs to get dual-active nanomaterial on fluorescent and magnetic responses that were prepared on a one-pot solvothermal method. Some analyses indicated the nanohybrids consisted of amorphous structure. Besides, the optical analysis performed optimum emission with QY percentage up to 0.9 and 0.6, respectively. Magnetic response assessment confirmed CDs@MnFe 2 O 4 -15 has good superparamagnetic properties with saturation magnetization value of 38.485 emu/g, while CDs@CuFe 2 O 4 -15 at 9.5245 emu/g. The DLS measurement showed an average size of CDs@MnFe 2 O 4 -45 at 63.98 nm, while CDs@CuFe 2 O 4 -45 at 55.46 nm. Then, this nanosized drive to perform good photoluminescent properties and good cytotoxicity due to the nanohybrids of CDs@MFe 2 O 4 -45 can easily enter the HeLa cells without harming its original structure. The above finding has well-proven good clinical potency of the nanohybrid as simultaneous fluorescent and magnetic-based detection.
The occurrence of soil nematodes from groundnut and chilli crop fields were investigated during the period from November 2013 to February 2014. From the collected soil samples, 13 genera belonging to seven families of three orders under two classes were recorded. Among the observed genera, Meloidogyene, was found to be the predominant on the soil samples of both groundnut and chilli crop fields. Moreover, Meloidogyene, Heterodera and Helicotylenchus were found with prominent values of 138, 92 and 85, respectively and occurred in 16%, 11% and 10% of all soil samples, respectively. Paratrichodorus was found to be the lowest in numbers 27 (3%). The data from recent study indicated that the soil samples of groundnut crop field showed higher incidence of nematodes (57%) than that of chilli crop field (43%).
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