on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to risks arising from physical agents (artificial optical radiation) (19th individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC) THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 137(2) thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission ( 1 ), presented after consultation with the Advisory Committee on Safety and Health at Work, Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee ( 2 ), After consulting the Committee of the Regions, Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the Treaty ( 3 ), in the light of the joint text approved by the Conciliation Committee on 31 January 2006, Whereas:(1) Under the Treaty the Council may, by means of directives, adopt minimum requirements for encouraging improvements, especially in the working environment, to guarantee a better level of protection of the health and safety of workers. Such directives are to avoid imposing administrative, financial and legal constraints in a way which would hold back the creation and development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

This paper reports a study into the possibility of using LED systems of ultraviolet radiation for air ionization and disinfection of air and indoor surfaces in the presence of people. It has been established that UV LED lamps with 120° opening angles have parameters under which radiation intensity does not exceed 30 J/m2 at distances of 2 meters. Based on experimental data, a methodology for designing the placement of lamps in the room was devised, which meets the requirements of the SBM-2015 standard and the European Directive 2006/25/EU. The use of LED emitters with a total intensity of up to 25 J/m2 increases the concentration of aero ions. The background concentrations were 140‒180 cm-3 (positive) and 160‒190 cm-3 (negative). The minimum permissible level is 500 cm-3. As a result of irradiation, the concentrations were 1100‒1460 cm-3 (positive) and 1260‒1470 cm-3 (negative). The influence of the recirculator-air purifier on the concentration of aero ions has not been established. The ionization process began immediately after turning on the irradiation systems in the entire volume of the premises (4‒5 meters from the source). The dynamic equilibrium of aero ion concentrations was established within 10‒15 minutes after the irradiation was switched on. The presence of a large number of people (up to 0.97 m2 per person) did not affect the concentration of aero ions. Under the combined effect of ultraviolet radiation and a recirculator-air purifier, the number of mold fungi colonies decreased by 20 times. Under the influence of only ultraviolet radiation – by 2.3 times. The decrease in the number of microbes under the combined effect was 1.6 times, and under the effect of only ultraviolet radiation – 2.8 times

Introduction. Today there is an urgent need to create regulations governing the level of microorganisms in the air of office premises. This problem in Ukraine did not attract as much attention as it did now, during the COVID-19 pandemic. In other countries, on the other hand, it has not only been the subject of researches for the past 20 years, but has also introduced certain sanitary rules that employers must follow. In particular, according to research conducted in the United States, indoor air pollution is one of the five most dangerous factors for human health. The most important component that determines the safety and suitability of air is its microbiome, which may contain both pathogenic microorganisms and microorganisms that are not dangerous, but can cause adverse reactions: allergies, immune system stress and more. The purpose of the study is to analyze the literature and regulatory framework in Ukraine and other developed countries regarding the hygienic regulation of microbiological condition of office air. Materials and methods of research. Analytical review of scientific publications was carried out using scientometric databases, sanitary legislation of developed countries, periodicals and publications. Results. In the USA, the EU, Japan, Brazil and many other developed countries of the world there are hygienic standards that regulate the permissible limits of the number of microorganisms in the air of office premises. It should be noted that these regulations have significant differences in methodological approaches to risk assessment and criteria. Basically, from 250 to 1000 colony-forming units/m 3 are allowed for bacterial microflora and fungi according to the standards of different countries and organizations. Literature data show a significant correlation (r = 0.35-0.40) between the concentration of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) in indoor air and microclimate parameters, which may be the basis for improving prevention measures. In Ukraine today, the regulatory framework for the number of microorganisms in the air applies only to premises in health care facilities or premises in the production of pharmaceutical products or food businesses. At the same time, regulations on administrative or office space that would provide safe limits for the presence of microorganisms in their air -have not been developed and implemented in health care practice. Conclusions. There is a significant need to develop sanitary and anti-epidemic rules for work in office premises in Ukraine, which, in particular, regulates the number of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) in the air. To address this issue, the scientific and regulatory experience of the EU, the US and other developed countries in regulating the permissible concentration of microorganisms in office air can be very useful. Also, it is very important to consider not only the quantitative but also the qualitative composition of the microbial environment that can affect the human body. When developing preventive measures, it is quite appropriate to de...

Introduction. Today, a large number of able to work people are engaged in office work. Office premises have their own features, in particular -the presence of air conditioning. This creates a special microclimate of these premises and saturates the air space with microflora, which can cause a variety of reactions and pathological states in workers. Bacteria (particularly staphylococci and streptococci, or even Legionella pneumophila), fungi, viruses, bacterial and fungi spores can be present in the air and on surfaces in offices. The main danger is that all these microorganisms, in excessive concentration, cause infectious diseases, atypical immune reactions, allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases. It should be noted that viruses that are at increased risk during seasonal epidemic outbreaks or during a pandemic (SARS-CoV-2) are particularly dangerous in this regard. Therefore, the problem of determining the safe level of microorganisms in the air of office space is very relevant today. As a means of prevention and reduction of pollution, we can recommend, first of all, the optimization of the cleaning process, which allows you to better remove dust, which is the main source of accumulation of microflora. Constant maintenance of air conditioners and ventilation systems, in order to clean filtration systems and water settling systems. And, most importantly, the use of closed systems (recirculators) with a source of UV rays, which effectively reduces the microbial load in the air. The aim of the study is to determine the composition of the microbiome of office space, its influence on health of employees, substantiate methods of prevention and purification of airspace. Materials and methods of research. Analytical review of scientific publications was carried out using scientometric databases, periodicals and publications.Results. The condition of the air in the office premises was assessed. The composition of the microbiome of these premises is considered, its most widespread representatives are characterized. An assessment of their potential danger to human health has been provided. Methods of air purification to reduce microbial load are considered. Conclusions. The microbiome of air and surfaces of office premises is represented by bacteria, fungi, their spores, viruses, which, if the permissible concentrations are exceeded, create a danger to the health of workers. Currently in Ukraine there are no State Sanitary Norms on regulation and control of the microbiome of office premises.

UV is commonly used for disinfecting many types of waters including treated wastewater, reclaimed wastewater for reuse, and drinking water. UV technology is also now being applied to low quality waters, such as primary treated wastewater and combined sewer overflows (CSO). Relative to traditional UV applications, disinfection of low quality water presents unique design challenges because of the higher concentration of solids and the darker water (high absorbance of UV). Through proper design and validation, UV has been proven effective and is installed at full-scale facilities. New research and carbon footprint analyses also illustrate that UV is a more sustainable approach to disinfection and has a smaller carbon footprint than either chemical disinfection or construction of storm water storage facilities.