Culicine mosquito surveys were conducted in El Sharqiya Governorate (Nov. 2007-May 2008) in some villages (cities) representing the different districts. Totally 6 species were reported: Culex (Culex) pipiens Linnaeus, Cx. (Cx.) perexiguus Theobald, Cx. (Cx.) antennatus (Becker), Cx. (Barraudius) pusillus Macquart, Cx. (Cx.) sinaiticus Kirkpatrick and Ae. (Ochlerotatus) detritus (Haliday). The last two were identified as newly distributed species. Culex pipiens, the main filariasis vector was the predominant or the most common species (ca.88% larvae and 47% adults, p<0.01). For the common species, the following were examined: (1) the type and characteristics (temperature and pH) of the breeding habitats and their relation to the larval density and (2) the relation of adult indoor density and indoor and outdoor temperature and RH. The AMRAD-ICT Filariasis card Test was used to detect the Wuchereria bancrofti antigen in the Finger prick blood samples. Filariasis cases (0.4%, 11/ 2504) were detected in six out of the fifteen districts. The highest infection rate (2.4%) was reported in the 10 th of Ramadan, a new settlement area. The cases were associated with the abundance of Cx. pipiens adults (ca. 40-60% of the collected adults). Digital maps showing the spatial distribution of mosquito species and filariasis cases were generated. Such maps will provide the authorities with more information about the disease risk areas that would assist in the control activities.
Several chronic wounds require alternative therapy in addition to the conventional ones. Maggot therapy (MT) is one of these alternatives. MT is one form of animal-based treatment options known as Biotherapy (medicinal use of live organisms). MT or Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is the medical use of live maggots for cleaning chronic, nonhealing wounds or certain wounds that are not amenable to other forms of therapy. MT is achieved through maggots' secretion of proteolytic enzymes that liquefy the necrotic tissues and then feed on such tissues (wound debridement activity), wound disinfection (antimicrobial) activity and growth-promoting (wound healing) activity. MT has been used for centuries. Occasionally used since the 1930's and early 1940's and then in 2004, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved maggots as a medical device that has been prescribed for patients in more than 200 hospitals in the United States. This article presents a review of published articles on the different aspects of MT (mainly the past and current uses, maggots used, how to apply maggots for wound treatments, advantages and disadvantages, problems and adverse reactions and its application in Egypt) that serves as a guide to health professionals who may be users of this form of treatment now and in the future.
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