Local communities generally play a crucial role during a disaster, so their involvement in pre-disaster capacity development may prove beneficial in the face of a disaster threat. Thus, People-Centered Disaster Risk Reduction (PCDRR) programs could enable communities living in disaster-prone areas to become more resilient. This study examines how relationships among individual attributes of the community (and their pre-event Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) context (risk knowledge, information access, and network and stakeholders) could give insight into how communities can be transformed to make them more resilient in the case of the Merapi Volcano community. Based on data collected through online survey platform by non-probability sampling, this study uses non-parametric goodness fit tests and parametric regression to assess the dependencies between various indicators and find the predictor variables. The findings indicate that the individual attributes of the Merapi Volcano community, as perceived through the pre-event DRR context has led to a better understanding of the function of people exposure to prepare more people-centered preparedness and disaster mitigation. However, since the sub-variables did not show any significance for being predictors, this implies that, even though there is a significant reliance between the pre-event DRR context and the individual attributes, the individual attribute could be regarded more as a modifier than a predictor.
Located in the heart of the so-called ‘paradise island’ Bali, a medium-sized city, Denpasar is facing unprecedented transformation. As the capital city of Bali Province, which is the highest contributor for tourism sectors in Indonesia, it has experienced rapid economic and population growth. Coupled with pressures from global forces in the tourism industry, Denpasar could perceive both negative impacts as well as challenges due to the urban transformation. This paper concerns how a city deals with the unprecedented urban transformation and globalisation, a city in the developing world such as Denpasar can survive and achieve some progress. It aims to document and assess, in particular, local government’s innovations and leadership in ensuring the sustainability of the city. It is a descriptive and exploratory, based on field works, interviews, FGDs, and the available secondary data. This paper has successfully explored that Denpasar has launched many innovations to deal with current problems and to ensure its sustainability. Aside from that, it argues that innovations and local leadership are keys for the city to be able to respond to an unprecedented urban transformation and a changing world, as the answer for lacking the empirical experiences of local context for advancing urban sustainability.
The increasing number of disasters and high costs of damage highlight that financing is an essential part of managing community disaster response. As the most significant spending related to a disaster occurs after the disaster strikes, it can be challenging to know how much this spending could be reduced through preparedness in disaster management. This paper discusses the budget allocation of ex-ante programs on disaster risk reduction, focusing on education, knowledge awareness, capacity building, and risk communication. Special attention is paid to budget management programs in the Merapi Volcano area. A literature review is carried out to create a profile of the budget allocation for awareness programs in the whole disaster management cycle. It is found that the budget allocation for such programs is 7% of the total budget of the rehabilitation and reconstruction project and 20%–30% of the annual budget of the Local Disaster Management Agency. The findings demonstrate a need for alternative budgeting for ex-ante programs on disaster risk reduction to accelerate the targeted outcomes.
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