Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical used to synthesize polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Previous research suggests that exposure to it can alter children's behavior. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the existing literature, examining associations between prenatal and childhood BPA exposure and behavior in children up to 12 years of age. We searched electronic bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ERIC), reference lists of included articles, and conference abstracts (American Psychiatric Association, American Academy of Neurology, Pediatric Academic Societies, and International Society of Environmental Epidemiology). We included original studies reporting on the association between prenatal and childhood BPA exposure that measured BPA metabolites in urine and children's behavioral outcomes. From 2811 citations, 11 articles met our inclusion criteria. Descriptive analyses indicated that prenatal exposure to maternal BPA concentrations were related to higher levels of anxiety, depression, aggression, and hyperactivity in children. BPA exposure in childhood was associated with higher levels of anxiety, depression, hyperactivity, inattention, and conduct problems. Limited observational evidence suggests an association between both prenatal and childhood exposure to BPA and adverse behavioral outcomes in children. Prospective cohort studies are needed to clarify these associations.

Background: Rapid and accurate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed by clinical nurses plays an important role in increasing the survival rate of cardiac arrest patients in the hospital. Purpose: This study examined the effects of a simulation-based CPR training program on knowledge, performance, and stress of CPR in clinical nurses. Method: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was used. Study participants included 60 clinical nurses (experimental group, n = 30, and control group, n = 30) in a general hospital in Seoul, South Korea. A 4-hour simulation-based CPR training program was conducted. Measures included the knowledge scale and performance scale from the Korean Association of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and the Post Code Stress Scale in Korean. Results: The simulation-based CPR training program significantly improved CPR knowledge ( t = 4.664, p < .001) and performance ( t = 4.940, p < .001), and decreased stress ( t = −5.832, p < .001) in clinical nurses. Conclusion: These findings indicate a simulation-based CPR training program was effective in improving knowledge and performing CPR, as well as in decreasing stress of CPR in clinical nurses. [ J Contin Educ Nurs . 2020;51(5):225–232.]

Background Historical reports suggest that infants born small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk for high blood pressure (BP) at older ages after adjustment for later age body size. Such adjustment may be inappropriate since adiposity is a known cause of cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Objectives To assess the association between SGA births and later BP among preterm births, considering potential background confounders and over‐adjustment for later body size. Methods A database search of studies up to October 2022 included MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL. Studies were included if they reported BP (systolic [SBP] or diastolic [DBP]) (outcomes) for participants born preterm with SGA (exposure) or non‐SGA births. All screening, extraction steps, and risk of bias (using the Risk of Bias In Non‐randomised Studies of Interventions [ROBINS‐I] tool) were conducted in duplicate by two reviewers. Data were pooled in meta‐analysis using random‐effects models. We explored potential sources of heterogeneity. Results We found no meaningful difference in later BP between preterm infants with and without SGA status at birth. Meta‐analysis of 25 studies showed that preterm SGA, compared to preterm non‐SGA, was not associated with higher BP at age 2 and older with mean differences for SBP 0.01 mmHg (95% CI −0.10, 0.12, I2 = 59.8%, n = 20,462) and DBP 0.01 mm Hg (95% CI −0.10, 0.12), 22 studies, (I2 = 53.0%, n = 20,182). Adjustment for current weight did not alter the results, which could be due to the lack of differences in later weight status in most of the included studies. The included studies were rated to be at risk of bias due to potential residual confounding, with a low risk of bias in other domains. Conclusions Evidence indicates that preterm infants born SGA are not at increased risk of developing higher BP as children or as adults as compared to non‐SGA preterm infants.

This study was done to provide basic data for nursing intervention to increase communication ability of operating room nurses by identifying the relation among their verbal violence experience, job stress, resilience, and communication ability. Methods: The participants were 136 nurses, working in the operating rooms of six academic and general hospitals located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Do. Data were collected from May 1st through October 31st, 2016. Collected data were analyzed for frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, association among related factors, and stepwise multi-regression using the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: It was found that the strongest factor influencing the communication ability of operating room nurses was persistence (β=.41, p<.001; sub-item of Resilience), followed by support (β=.26, p=.001; sub-item of Resilience). These two sub-items have positive influences on communication ability of operating room nurses. The lack of professional knowledge and skill (β=-.19, p<.001; sub-item of job stress) and verbal violence experience from nurse (β=-.16, p<.001; sub-item of verbal violence experience) have negative influences on communication ability of operating room nurses. These sub-items explained 47.0% of communication ability of operating room nurses. Conclusion: The study results can be used as basic data to develop effective communication. Also, the results show the necessity of developing and applying concrete nursing interventions to improve job satisfaction of operating room nurses.

BackgroundOverweight and obesity and their consequent morbidities are important worldwide health problems. Some research suggests excess adiposity origins may begin in fetal life, but unknown is whether this applies to infants born preterm.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to assess the association between small for gestational age (SGA) birth and later adiposity and height among those born preterm.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL until October 2022.Study selection and data extractionStudies were included if they reported anthropometric (adiposity measures and height) outcomes for participants born preterm with SGA versus non‐SGA. Screening, data extraction and risks of bias assessments were conducted in duplicate by two reviewers.SynthesisWe meta‐analysed across studies using random‐effects models and explored potential heterogeneity sources.ResultsThirty‐nine studies met the inclusion criteria. In later life, preterm SGA infants had a lower body mass index (−0.66 kg/m2, 95% CI −0.79, −0.53; 32 studies, I2 = 16.7, n = 30,346), waist circumference (−1.20 cm, 95% CI −2.17, −0.23; 13 studies, I2 = 19.4, n = 2061), lean mass (−2.62 kg, 95% CI −3.45, 1.80; 7 studies, I2 = 0, n = 205) and height (−3.85 cm, 95% CI −4.73, −2.96; 26 studies, I2 = 52.6, n = 4174) compared with those preterm infants born non‐SGA. There were no differences between preterm SGA and preterm non‐SGA groups in waist/hip ratio, body fat, body fat per cent, truncal fat per cent, fat mass index or lean mass index, although power was limited for some analyses. Studies were rated at high risk of bias due to potential residual confounding and low risk of bias in other domains.ConclusionsCompared to their preterm non‐SGA peers, preterm infants born SGA have lower BMI, waist circumference, lean body mass and height in later life. No differences in adiposity were observed between SGA preterm infants and non‐SGA preterm infants.