Bicoherence analysis has been used to characterize nonlinear effects in the propagation of noise from a model-scale, Mach-2.0, unheated jet. Nonlinear propagation effects are predominantly limited to regions near the peak directivity angle for this jet source and propagation range. The analysis also examines the practice of identifying nonlinear propagation by comparing spectra measured at two different distances and assuming far-field, linear propagation between them. This spectral comparison method can lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the role of nonlinearity when the observations are made in the geometric near field of an extended, directional radiator, such as a jet.
Motor theories of speech perception predict that perceptual information from modalities other than sound enhance speech perception directly by informing the perceiver of the speaker’s gestures [A. Lieberman and I. Mattingly, Cognition 21, 1–36 (1985)]. Acoustic theories predict that perceptual information from modalities other than sound will only enhance speech perception if there is a learned mapping between the acoustic speech signal speech and that modality [R. Diehl and K. Kluender, Ecol. Psych. 1, 121–144 (1989)]. As normal subjects are unlikely to have learned a mapping between visual and tactile speech information, this study tests whether and how tactile input enhances visual speech perception. In the control condition, perceivers in noise repeat syllables pronounced by a speaker who they can see clearly. Accuracy is judged on the basis of the repeated syllables. In the experimental condition, subjects additionally have their hand on the speaker’s face in the Tadoma position. Results show that subjects are significantly more accurate at perceiving speech when they have both visual and tactile input then when they have visual input alone. In particular, tactile input enhances perceptual accuracy of voice and manner features. [Work supported by NSERC.]
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