PENDEKATAN COGNITIVE MORAL SEBAGAI KERANGKA PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR PPKN DI SEKOLAH DASARAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi pembelajaran PPKn sebagai wahana pendidikan moral dan relevansi pendekatan cognitive moral sebagai kerangka pengembangan bahan ajar PPKn untuk membelajarkan nilai-nilai moral. Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitis dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah 122 siswa kelas V sekolah dasar dan 4 guru pengampu Mata Pelajaran PPKn pada empat kecamatan di Kota Salatiga. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, angket, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Temuan hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan analisis interaktif model Miles dan Huberman kemudian disajikan melalui teks narasi deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran PPKn belum merepresentasikan pendidikan moral. Kedua, guru tidak melaksanakan pembelajaran moral yang terencana dan sistematis dalam pembelajaran PPKn. Ketiga, pengetahuan siswa tentang moral rendah. Keempat, siswa mengalami miskonsepsi terhadap substansi dan tujuan PPKn. Kelima, muatan PPKn pada buku tematik Kurikulum 2013 tidak menguraikan materi tentang moral. Keenam, pendekatan cognitive moral melalui cerita dilema relevan sebagai solusi pengembangan bahan ajar PPKn untuk membelajarkan moral di sekolah dasar. Kata kunci: cognitive moral, PPKn, sekolah dasarAbstractThe study was aimed at describing the implementation of the civics education subject as a means of moral education and the relevance of cognitive moral approach as a framework for developingcivics education instructional materials. The study was descriptive analytical research using a qualitative approach. The subjects of the study were 122 fourth-grade students of elementary school and 4 teachers of civics education in four districts in Salatiga City. The data collection techniques were observation, questionnaires, interviews, and documents. The data were analyzed using interactive analysis of Miles and Huberman model and presented through descriptive narrative texts. The results show that first, civic education learning has not yet represented moral education. Second, teachers do not carry out planned and systematic moral learning in civics education learning. Third, students’ moral comprehension is still low. Fourth, students have misconceptions about the substance and the purpose of civics educationlearning. Fifth, the content of civics education in the thematic book of Curriculum 2013 does not include the material related to moral learning. Sixth, the cognitive moral approach through the dilemma story is relevant as a solution for the development of civics education instructional materials to teach morals in the elementary school.Keywords:cognitive moral, civic education, elementary school education
Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is a way that puts forward critical and creative values ??so that it is seen as being able to provide solutions in facing the times. The method used is descriptive to describe HOTS-based learning and assessment. The purpose of this activity is to improve the ability of elementary school (SD) teachers in designing HOTS-based learning tools consisting of lesson plans and HOTS-based assessments. This activity is motivated by the skills faced by elementary school teachers in the implementation of the 2013 curriculum, especially in designing and implementing HOTS-based learning, as well as developing HOTS-based assessments. Therefore, this activity aims to make teachers become professionals in educating elementary students in developing children's thinking skills at a higher level.
<p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat efektivitas antara penerapan pembelajaran berbasis kognitif moral melalui model VCT dengan pembelajaran konvensional ceramah bervariasi terhadap hasil belajar PKn dengan mempertimbangkan moral judgement. Jenis penelitiannya adalah Experimen Research tipe Quasi Exsperimental Research serta menggunakan desain penelitian Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas 5 SDN Karangduren 01 sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kelas 5 SDN Karangduren 02 sebagai kelompok kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data<br />yang digunakan adalah tes dan observasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan uji-t dengan SPSS 22.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran berbasis kognitif moral melalui model VCT efektif terhadap hasil belajar PKn dengan mempertimbangkan moral judgement siswa kelas 5 SD N Karangduren 01 Kecamatan Tengaran Kabupaten Semarang semester II tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Simpulan tersebut didukung oleh hasil uji-t dengan hasil t hitung > t tabel (2,085>2,00488), signifikansi < 0,05 (0,042<0,05) serta skor hasil belajar PKn kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kontrol (76,2>68,5).</p>
This research is a case study that seeks to reveal teachers' perceptions of portfolio assessment in primary schools in Indonesia. The research sample was 20 elementary school teachers in Central Java Province, Indonesia, representing senior teachers, master teachers, young teachers, and junior teachers. Data collection used depth interviews which were designed based on 10 powerful portfolio assessment principles. Qualitative data analysis was performed using interactive data analysis which included condensation data, display data, and conclusion. The results were showed that 6 of 10 principles of portfolio assessment were approved by the majority of teachers, while others were not. Two principles, namely the effectiveness of time and energy (principle 2) and portfolios as a new learning perspective (principle 8) are rejected by most teachers in Indonesia. The two other principles, namely the importance of teacher cooperation in portfolio assessment (principle 3) and the role of portfolio assessment as self-evaluation (principle 9) received low approval scores. The obstacles for the teacher to carry out the portfolio assessment are the problem of the length of time it takes, the large number of elementary school students in a class, and the teacher's low insight into portfolio assessment. Research recommendations are that the success of portfolio assessment will be achieved if it is carried out in a structured and sustainable manner; it is necessary to carry out training and monitoring of teacher performance to maximize assessment, learning and evaluation of learning; and the need to adapt the e-portfolio assessment for primary schools.
This study aims to develop teaching materials based on HOTS, multiple intelligence, and the character of Baimbai pedaling for riverside elementary schools. This study used the research and product development method of teaching materials with the Borg & Gall design, which consisted of 10 steps. The sample comprises 72 elementary school students, six principals, and 10 class teachers. The sampling technique used purposive random sampling. The research instrument is a validity test questionnaire and tests. Data analysis used qualitative data analysis and independent sample t-test. Based on the results of assessments from SD teaching materials experts, media experts, SD design experts, and character education experts, a score of > 92 was obtained, indicating that the teaching materials were feasible to use. Based on the results of the effectiveness test conducted on 46 students and analyzed using an independent sample t-test, the t-count value was higher than the t-table (2.231> 1.576), and the significance value was less than 0.05 (0.002 <0.005). The increase occurred in the medium category with a value of N-Gain = 0.39
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