We define the dual truncated Toeplitz operators and give some basic properties of them. In particular, spectrum and reducing subspaces of some special dual truncated Toeplitz operator are characterized.
In order to treat the kitchen wastes and produce hydrogen, anaerobic fermentation technology was used in this experiment. The results showed that the fermentation type changed from mixed acid fermentation to ethanol fermentation in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) 22 days after start-up. The maximum efficiency of hydrogen bio-production in the CSTR was 4.77 LH(2)/(L reactor d) under the following conditions: organic loading rate (OLR) of 32-50 kg COD/(m(3) d), oxidation reduction potential (ORP) of -450 to -400 mV, influent pH value of 5.0-6.0, effluent pH value of 4.0-4.5, influent alkalinity of 300-600 mg/l, temperature of 35 +/- 1 degrees C and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 7 h. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was established, and each parameter influencing the performance of the reactor was compared using the method of partitioning connection weights (PCW). The results showed that OLR, pH, ORP and alkalinity could influence the fermentation characteristics and hydrogen yield of the anaerobic activated sludge; with an influence hierarchy: OLR > pH values > ORP > alkalinity. An economic analysis showed that the cost of producing hydrogen in this experiment was less than the cost of electrolysis of water.
We completely characterize the pluriharmonic symbols for (semi)commuting dual Toeplitz operators on the orthogonal complement of the pluriharmonic Dirichlet space in Sobolev space of the unit ball. We show that, for and pluriharmonic functions, = on (D ℎ ) ⊥ if and only if and satisfy one of the following conditions: (1) both and are holomorphic;(2) both and are holomorphic; (3) there are constants and , both not being zero, such that + is constant.
In this paper, we characterize the hyponormal dual Toeplitz operators with
special symbols on the orthogonal complement of the pluriharmonic Bergman
space of the unit ball. Also we completely characterize the pluriharmonic
symbols for (semi)commuting dual Toeplitz operators.
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increases in QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc interval) and QT variability index (QTVI) and sleep bruxism (SB) is prevalent in OSA patients.Objectives: To examine whether QTc interval and QT variability were changed during episodes of rhythmic masticatory muscle activities (RMMAs)/SB in SB patients with and without OSA.
Methods:The RR and QTc intervals, and QTVI during RMMAs with or without accompanied limb movements (RMMAs/LMs) in 10 normal controls and 10 SB patients without OSA and during apneic and recovery periods of OSA in 10 SB patients with OSA were analysed.
Results:In the SB patients without OSA and controls, QTc intervals and QTVI were significantly increased during RMMAs/LMs compared with those during the 10 s periods (from 10 th to 20 th s) before the onset and after the offset of RMMAs/LMs, and significantly increased during RMMAs/LMs with awakenings compared with those with microarousals and no arousals. In addition, QTc interval and QTVI were positively correlated with the duration of RMMAs/LMs. Moreover, in the SB patients with OSA, QTc interval and QTVI during the recovery period of OSA events were significantly longer and higher than those during the apneic period regardless of accompanied RMMAs/LMs, and QTc interval and QTVI during the apneic and recovery periods accompanied with RMMAs/LMs were significantly longer and higher than those without accompanied RMMAs/LMs.
Conclusion:OSA and RMMAs/LMs events were associated with longer QTc intervals and higher QTVI, and RMMAs/LMs might contribute to these changes associated with OSA events accompanied with RMMAs/LMs.
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