Distant lung metastasis is the main factor that affects the survival rate of patients with salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). Anoikis resistance is a feature of tumor cells that easily metastasize. The long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) MRPL23 antisense RNA 1 (MPRL23‐AS1) is related to lung metastasis in SACC, but its role in anoikis resistance is unknown. After altering MPRL23‐AS1 expression in SACC cells, anoikis resistance was detected by calcein AM/PI staining and annexin V/PI flow cytometry. The apoptosis marker activated caspase‐3 and the bcl‐2/bax ratio were detected by Western blotting. The relationship between MPRL23‐AS1 and the promoter of the potential downstream target gene p19INK4D was identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)‐PCR assay. p19INK4D expression in patient tissues was determined using qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. The functional experiments showed that MPRL23‐AS1 could promote anoikis resistance in vitro. MRPL23‐AS1 recruited the EZH2 to the promoter region of p19INK4D, inhibited p19INK4D expression, and promoted tumor cell anoikis resistance. p19INK4D overexpression did not affect anoikis in attached cells; however, it attenuated the anoikis resistance effect of MPRL23‐AS1 in suspension cells. p19INK4D expression was significantly lower in SACC tissues than in normal tissues. The novel MRPL23‐AS1/p19INK4D axis may be a potential SACC biomarker or therapeutic target.
In Northwest China, wind resources are especially abundant, but this area is also seriously affected by sandy environments, so any wind turbines in this area are definitely affected by the sand-wind flow. Therefore, the shear stress transport k-ω turbulence model and discrete phase model are both used for the simulation of an S809 airfoil to study the influence of sandy environments on the aerodynamic performance. Based on this, the modified blade element momentum theory will be used to design wind turbines that can operate in both clean air and sandy environments and study the influence of sandy environments on wind turbine performance. The results show that the influence of the sand-wind environment on the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil is as follows. In the particle diameter range of 5 to 30 μm, as the particle diameter increases, the lift coefficient decreases, and the drag coefficient increases. However, in the particle diameter range of 30 to 100 μm, the change is just the opposite. At the same time, as the increase of particle mass concentration, the lift coefficient of the airfoil decreases, and the drag coefficient significantly increases. Also with the increase of equivalent density, the change is just the opposite. Moreover, the influence of sandy environments on the performance of wind turbines is found to be as follows. At low wind speeds, the power output of the sandy turbine is greater than that of the clean turbine when they run in a sandy environment. Also, it is found that whether wind turbines run at high or low wind speeds, the thrust of sandy turbine is less than that of clean turbine when they run in sandy environments.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.