Electricity consumption is often the hotspot of life cycle assessment (LCA) of products, industrial activities, or services. The objective of this paper is to provide a consistent, scientific, region-specific electricity-supply-based inventory of electricity generation technology for national and regional power grids. Marginal electricity generation technology is pivotal in assessing impacts related to additional consumption of electricity. China covers a large geographical area with regional supply grids; these are arguably equally or less integrated. Meanwhile, it is also a country with internal imbalances in regional energy supply and demand. Therefore, we suggest an approach to achieve a geographical subdivision of the Chinese electricity grid, corresponding to the interprovincial
Electricity consumption is often the hotspot of life cycle assessment (LCA) of products, industrial activities, or services. The objective of this paper is to provide a consistent, scientific, region-specific electricity-supply-based inventory of electricity generation technology for national and regional power grids. Marginal electricity generation technology is pivotal in assessing impacts related to additional consumption of electricity. China covers a large geographical area with regional supply grids; these are arguably equally or less integrated. Meanwhile, it is also a country with internal imbalances in regional energy supply and demand. Therefore, we suggest an approach to achieve a geographical subdivision of the Chinese electricity grid, corresponding to the interprovincial regional power grids,
As one of the most abused illicit drugs, ketamine (KET) has been widely detected in different water environments around the globe, which necessitates the development of effective approaches for KET removal from water. In the present study, several novel Ag 3 PO 4 /P-g-C 3 N 4 heterojunction composites were successfully constructed using an in situ growth method, and the samples were characterized by a series of instruments. The synthesized samples were deployed for KET degradation. Results showed that Ag 3 PO 4 / P-g-C 3 N 4 (1:1) exhibited the most excellent photocatalytic degradation performance on KET with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.0326 min −1 at a neutral pH value, which was 3-and 6-fold faster than those of Ag 3 PO 4 and P-g-C 3 N 4 , respectively. The elevated photocatalytic performance of Ag 3 PO 4 /P-g-C 3 N 4 was attributed to the synergistic effects of the high charge separation capacity and Z-scheme heterojunction structure. Low concentrations of dissolved organic matter, nitrate, or bicarbonate accelerated KET degradation by Ag 3 PO 4 /P-g-C 3 N 4 , but high levels of these constituents would inhibit KET degradation. The scavenging experiments revealed that photogenerated superoxide radicals and holes were the main reactive species in the KET removal. A total of 12 degradation intermediates of KET over Ag 3 PO 4 /P-g-C 3 N 4 were identified, and a possible degradation pathway was proposed. Demethylation, dehydrogenation, hydroxylation, deamination, ring opening, and sodium modification were the major pathways for KET degradation. Ag 3 PO 4 /P-g-C 3 N 4 also exhibited a relatively good photocatalytic performance on KET degradation in surface water and a secondary effluent. KEYWORDS: Ag 3 PO 4 /P-g-C 3 N 4 , ketamine, degradation mechanism, intermediate, pathway
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