PurposeThe tourism industry consists of various players and tourism demand is met by the joint efforts of these players. However, it seems that there is no attempt in the tourism management literature proposing frameworks or models, which can assist the tourism companies, evaluate and control the overall tourism value chain. This paper attempts to show the usability of value chain concept in the tourism industry to manage and measure the value chain processes.Design/methodology/approachA tourism value chain model with four stages; win order, pre‐delivery support, delivery, and post‐delivery support, is developed. A value chain performance measurement model for the tourism industry is suggested according to the value chain model developed.FindingsThere is an opportunity to study the tourism industry as a value chain and to develop a value chain oriented performance management and measurement framework that would allow various players to communicate and coordinate their processes and activities in a more mature manner. Therefore, it becomes critical to measure and manage the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the tourism product and services from a value chain management perspective. The framework has some implications for both practitioners and researchers.Practical implicationsThe tourism companies can use the suggested model as a guide to evaluate their performance in terms of customer and internal dimensions through the value chain perspective. Mapping of existing thinking on performance measurement against the proposed tourism value chain model reveals gaps for further research, such as: the need to study the tourism industry as an end‐to‐end value chain; the need for understanding and measuring the performance of front‐end win‐order and pre‐delivery‐support processes; and the need for managing the delivery process as a whole rather than as two or three unrelated services. The model is intended to be useful for the practitioners when designing and implementing a framework who search for the whole tourism chain effectiveness using both internal and customer related metrics.Originality/valueThe paper highlights the need to evaluate the overall tourism value chain through the customer and internal dimensions and suggests a unique model for this aim.
This is a conceptual paper. Its purpose is to compare the performance measurement of manufacturing and tourism industries from a value chain perspective. The paper achieves its objective by reviewing the relevant literature from both manufacturing and tourism fields. It compares and contrasts the particular characteristics of both industries as well as the work done in these fields with respect to performance measurement and management in their value chains. The paper finds that in the manufacturing industry the latest thinking in supply chain management, and consequently value chain management, has led to the development of performance measurement frameworks for the entire supply chain - such as the SCOR model. The tourism industry, on the other hand, consists of various players and tourism demand is met by the joint efforts of these players. Consequently, the interdependency of tourism organizations is high. Although recent works demonstrate an increasing interest towards performance measurement in the tourism industry, it is still an immature area. The paper demonstrates the usability of SCOR-like frameworks in the tourism industry to manage and measure the value chain processes. The paper shows mapping of existing thinking on performance measurement against the proposed tourism value chain model reveals gaps for further research, such as: the need to study the tourism industry as an end-to-end value chain; the need for understanding and measuring the performance of front-end win-order and pre-delivery-support processes; and the need for managing the delivery process as a whole, rather than as two or three unrelated services. The paper demonstrates the potential benefits of taking a value-chain approach to the tourism industry as well as conceptually demonstrating how performance of such a value chain may be managed through a framework of performance measures
A total of 88 TESE procedures were performed with sperm retrieval rates of 39.8% per cycle (35/88) and 42.1% per patient (35/83). None of the studied clinical parameters were found to be informative in predicting successful sperm recovery. A total of 41 embryo transfer cycles were carried out using fresh testicular spermatozoa in 30, cryopreserved-thawed spermatozoa in 10 and cryopreserved-thawed embryo replacement in one. The fertilization and clinical pregnancy rates were comparable at 52.7% and 51.6% with fresh and 48.3% and 60% with cryopreserved-thawed testicular spermatozoa groups, respectively. Twenty-two clinical pregnancies were obtained, including 14 singletons, five twins, two triplets and one quadruplet and ended with the delivery of 13 singletons and six twins. In total, out of 25 delivered fetuses, four died (3 female, 1 male) following delivery and 21 newborns (14 female, 7 male) were healthy with a female to male ratio of 2:1. Conclusions We concluded that no clinical or laboratory parameter predicts the presence of spermatozoa in patients with KS, except the TESE procedure itself. The use of fresh or cryopreserved-thawed spermatozoa on ICSI cycle outcomes are equally successful in patients with KS.
In this review study, it is aimed to reveal the antecedents of destination image (DI) through analyzing the findings of quantitative studies published between 1999 and 2019. Findings suggest that DI could be handled with pretrip and posttrip DI separately. Antecedents of pre and post DI are divided as destination‐based and personal‐based antecedents. Making such a categorization and mapping the findings of studies accordingly helps to clarify our understanding about the DI formation process. A model is suggested considering the pre and posttrip destination and personal‐based antecedents in the literature to explain the affective, cognitive, and overall DI.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.