Healthcare data are a valuable source of healthcare intelligence. Sharing of healthcare data is one essential step to make healthcare system smarter and improve the quality of healthcare service. Healthcare data, one personal asset of patient, should be owned and controlled by patient, instead of being scattered in different healthcare systems, which prevents data sharing and puts patient privacy at risks. Blockchain is demonstrated in the financial field that trusted, auditable computing is possible using a decentralized network of peers accompanied by a public ledger. In this paper, we proposed an App (called Healthcare Data Gateway (HGD)) architecture based on blockchain to enable patient to own, control and share their own data easily and securely without violating privacy, which provides a new potential way to improve the intelligence of healthcare systems while keeping patient data private. Our proposed purpose-centric access model ensures patient own and control their healthcare data; simple unified Indicator-Centric Schema (ICS) makes it possible to organize all kinds of personal healthcare data practically and easily. We also point out that MPC (Secure Multi-Party Computing) is one promising solution to enable untrusted third-party to conduct computation over patient data without violating privacy.
How can 'late-comer firms' (LCFs) in developing economies manage their development of technological capability, and within it their IP, strategically, in order to become fully competitive internationally? Under what conditions, external and internal, are they likely to succeed? This paper develops a theoretical framework for understanding LCFs' technology strategy and predicting its outcome, then applies it to the cases of three Chinese firms in sectors at different levels of technology intensity. This yields insights as to its limitations and further development. These help explain mainland China's very limited catch-up in high technology sectors-and to a lesser extent in medium-high technology. We show how our findings can be reconciled with the much greater success of Korean firms some 20 years earlier, if the effect of corporate governance differences is recognised.
Chitosanase plays an important role in the production of chitooligosaccharides (CHOS), which possess various biological activities. Herein, a glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 46 chitosanase-encoding gene, csnB, was cloned from marine bacterium Bacillus sp. BY01 and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant chitosanase, CsnB, was optimally active at 35 °C and pH 5.0. It was also revealed to be a cold-adapted enzyme, maintaining 39.5% and 40.4% of its maximum activity at 0 and 10 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, CsnB showed wide pH-stability within the range of pH 3.0 to 7.0. Then, an improved reaction condition was built to enhance its thermostability with a final glycerol volume concentration of 20%. Moreover, CsnB was determined to be an endo-type chitosanase, yielding chitosan disaccharides and trisaccharides as the main products. Overall, CsnB provides a new choice for enzymatic CHOS production.
Currently, China has a growing need for rehabilitative care; however, rehabilitative care has been underdeveloped for decades. Since the end of 2010, pilot programs in 46 cities (districts) of 14 provinces have been initiated by the Ministry of Health in China to establish formal arrangements for facilitating the delivery of continuous medical rehabilitative care for local communities. After 2 years of pilot work, an evaluation was conducted by researchers. This paper reviews the current status of rehabilitative care in China and discusses the findings of the nationwide pilot program on the integrated rehabilitative service. Some key mechanisms and main issues were identified after analyzing the preliminary outcomes of some of the pilot programs.
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