Creatinine level in body fluid has been most used for early diagnosis of kidney function and renal diseases; therefore, it is desirable to develop a rapid and quantitative method for creatinine detection. Herein, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based on evaporation-induced optimal hotspots of Au nanocubes has been employed to quantitatively detect creatinine in human serum. Time-dependent SERS measurements during the evaporating process clearly prove that the optimal hotspots are formed on the eve of droplet drying of a Au sol and analyte mixture. The reproducibility tested by independent droplet experiments shows a relative standard deviation of SERS intensity of about 4.16%. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of creatinine shows a clear linear fitting between the logarithmic SERS intensity and the creatinine concentrations with a correlation coefficient of 0.987. The creatinine level in the serum from volunteers estimated by this method shows an average difference of less than 5% compared to that by the clinical Jaffe reaction method. The evaporation-induced optimal hotspot method with good reproducibility offers a simple and feasible way for practical SERS detection.
Background With the rapid development of science and technology, telemedicine diagnosis and treatment systems have gradually attracted increased attention and applications.5G ultrasound is an important branch of telemedicine, connecting grassroots hospitals at one end and provincal hospitals at the other, which provides remote guidance to grassroots doctors for ultrasound examination and image diagnosis. It is convenient for villagers obtaining diagnosis and advice from provincial ultrasound experts, saving time and economic costs, as well as benefiting from high-quality ultrasound medical resources. In this study, taishun County community grassroot hospitals were selected as the pilot study of 5G ultrasound application, to explore the effectiveness of their theory and practice, and gradually improve the remote ultrasound diagnosis and treatment standards, so as to improve their quality of grassroots hospitals and benefit grassroots people. Methods This is a descriptive study. The Provincal Hospital will conduct ultrasonic theory and practice training for grassroot hospitals. The training subjects included 43 doctors in grassroots hospitals who were willing to carry out ultrasound examinations. Theories, skills training scores and trainees' questionnaires on teaching content were collected and analyzed. After passing theoretical and practical training, they will conduct ultrasound examinations in their respective communities and collect relevant cases. There are 148 cases thus far for analysis. It mainly included the type of disease, whether the patient was out-patient or inpatient, frequency of ultrasound visits in recent 5 years, and follow-up treatment measures. Results It mainly included three aspects: (1) Through theoretical and practical training, the ultrasonic diagnosis level of grassroot doctors was significantly improved. The difference in scores between the two practical trainings was statistically significant. (2) Forty-three questionnaires were sent out, feedback from trainees was very high. Most of them was very satisfied with our training. The total score of the questionnaire was 10, and 97.67% of them score more than 8. (3) In total, there were 148 remote consultation cases, including 67 males and 81 females, who were aged 21 to 101 years old (62.40 ± 15.73).mainly abdominal ultrasound, and typical cases involve fatty liver, hepatic cyst, gallbladder stone, kidney stone and so on. We analyzed case data and provided follow-up treatment recommendations. Conclusion As a “visual apparatus”, 5G ultrasound can be routinely carried out in grassroot hospitals, which can provide mutual benefit between doctors and patients and comprehensively promote healthy villages.
Objective This study retrospectively analysed patients undergoing thoracoscopic mitral valvuloplasty in our hospital from 2019 to 2020 and discussed the value of echocardiography (including three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography) in the perioperative period. Methods In the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of our hospital, 57 patients needing surgical treatment were screened by echocardiography. Ultrasonography was performed preoperatively (G1) and 1 week (G2) and 3 months (G3) postoperatively for each patient. The doctor recorded the left atrial anteroposterior diameter (LAD), left ventricular anteroposterior diameter (LVD), mitral orifice velocity (MV), mitral pressure of gradient (MVG), and ejection fraction (EF), which were used to observe and compare the left heart reconstruction and mitral valve repair to provide an imaging basis for clinicians to choose the most appropriate valve model. Transoesophageal echocardiography was also performed preoperatively to provide an imaging basis for clinicians to choose the most appropriate valve model. Results The results from the three ultrasound examinations showed statistically significant differences among EF, LAD, and LVD. The intraoperative transoesophageal ultrasound measurement of the mitral regurgitation area (S2, 9.57 ± 1.47) was greater than the preoperative transthoracic ultrasound measurement of the mitral regurgitation area (S1, 8.83 ± 2.01), and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions 3D-transoesophageal echocardiography is a convincing imaging examination that can assist cardiologists in formulating the most appropriate surgical plan. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is less invasive and easier to operate compared to transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The use of perioperative TTE can help detect new heart conditions in emergency and surgical patients in a timely manner and determine the factors that cause hemodynamic instability, which has a positive effect on the perioperative management of such patients.
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