In this study, a simple and effective method to enhance the conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiphene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin films from 0.7 to 1185 S cm À1 by post-treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is demonstrated. After the rubbing technique was applied, the DMSO-treated PEDOT:PSS film could be used as both the transparent electrode and the alignment layer to fabricate ITO-free liquid crystal (LC) cells. The electro-optical properties of LC cells fabricated by the rubbed PEDOT:PSSwere comparable to those constructed by ITO and polyimide. This work indicates that the highly conductive PEDOT:PSS film is a promising material for ITO-free LC devices.

No abstract

The severe dyskeratosis detected in patients with DRESS may correlate with a greater extent of systemic involvement compared with that noted in MPE. However, the histopathological changes associated with DRESS are not entirely specific.