Using apricot shell lignin as a raw material,
the effects of torrefaction
temperatures (160, 200, 240, and 280 °C) on the properties of
torrefied products were studied, and the catalytic pyrolysis experiments
of the torrefied lignin under the HZSM-5 catalyst were carried out.
The results showed that the oxygen content in lignin was greatly reduced
and the higher heating values (HHV) gradually increased, the absorption
peak of oxygen-containing functional groups gradually became weaker,
and the content of the β-O-4 bond gradually decreased. At 280
°C, the C/O ratio reaches the maximum value of 2.17, and the
calorific value increases to 24.22 MJ/kg. The removed oxygen element
is converted into oxygen-containing components in the gas (mainly
CO2 and H2O) and liquid products (mainly guaiacol
phenol). After catalytic pyrolysis of torrefied lignin, it was found
that with the increase of torrefaction temperature, the relative content
of aromatics increased first and then decreased slightly; the aromatics
reached the maximum value of 60.63% at 240 °C; acids decreased
significantly; ketones, aldehydes, and furans changed little; and
torrefaction played a positive role in the conversion of lignin to
aromatics.
The preparation and production technology of biodiesel was explained in this paper. The transesterification mechanism was discussed from the synthesis reaction of biodiesel. Then the synthetic effects on the reaction were investigated such as water of the raw material oil, free fatty acids, temperature, pressure, catalyst, reaction time, alcohol-oil ratios, the mixing degree of raw materials and other aspects. The best synthetic technology was obtained.
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