The depth of the pupation is one of the important factors in the success of fruit flies to become imago. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil depth on survival, normality dan development time of adult interspecific hybrids of Bactrocera carambolae (Drew & Hancock) and B. dorsalis (Hendel). The experiments were carried out in a laboratory consisting of seven depths of pupation treatments (4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, and 60 cm) with four replications. Soil depth had a significant, negative effect on the survival of the emergence and development time of B. dorsalis and B. carambolae hybrids. The emergence rate was found to decrease with the increase in pupation depth. The higher survival of the emergence of the hybrid occurred at a depth of 4 cm (95% ± 1.91) and 10 cm (86% ± 2.58), while the lower survival occurred at a depth of 50 cm (12% ± 1.63) and 60 cm (5% ± 3.79). Normal imagoes were found in all soil depths except in 60 cm depth, where all imagoes had abnormal morphology. Means of development time ranged from 8.88 to 10.63 days. The depth of pupation influences the duration of pupae development. The means of development time at a depth of 4–40 cm was similar, but at a depth of 50 cm and 60 cm, a significantly longer time of development were observed. for more effective fruit fly control, this study suggests burying rotten fruit in the soil at a depth of 50 cm or more as a preventive measure for the development of fruit flies.
Weed control in rice cultivation must be improved, because weeds can decrease rice yield. The purpose of this experiment was to quantify the effectiveness of herbicide mixture of Bentazone sodium and MCPA DMA in controlling weeds on rice field. The experiment was conducted in Ciparay district, Bandung Regency, from September to Desember 2017. The experiment used experimental method. It used Randomized Block Design (RBD) that consisted of 7 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment was dosage 0,75 L/ha; 1 L/ha; 1,25 L/ha; 1,5 L/ha; and 1,75 L/ha of herbicide mixture Bentazone sodium + MCPA DMA, Manual weeding, and Without treatment (control). Dosage 0,75 L/ha of herbicide mixture of Bentazone sodium + MCPA DMA effectively control weeds Fimbristylis miliaceae, Ludwigia adscendens, Cyperus difformis, and Leptochloa chinensis. Herbicide mixture of Bentazone sodium + MCPA DMA at all tested doses showed that there was no symptoms of herbicide toxication in rice crops. Herbicide mixture of Bentazone sodium + MCPA DMA at dose 0,75 L/ha -1,75 L/ha improved dry grain weight. Sari : Pengendalian gulma pada budidaya padi sawah perlu dilakukan, karena gulma dapat menyebabkan penurunan hasil padi sawah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan campuran herbisida Bentazone sodium dan MCPA DMA dalam mengendalikan gulma pada budidaya padi sawah. Percobaan dilaksanakan pada bulan November sampai bulan Desember 2017 di Kecamatan Ciparay Kabupaten Bandung. Rancangan percobaan yang dilakukan yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tujuh perlakuan dan empat kali ulangan, percobaan yang diuji yaitu: campuran herbisida Bentazone sodium + MCPA DMA dosis 0,75 L/ha; 1 L/ha; 1,25 L/ha; 1,5 L/ha; 1,75 L/ha; penyiangan manual, dan tanpa perlakuan (kontrol). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan campuran herbisida Bentazone Sodium + MCPA DMA 0,75 L/ha efektif mengendalikan gulma Fimbristylis miliaceae, Ludwigia adscendes, Cyperus difformis, dan Leptochloa chinensis dan tidak menimbulkan keracunan pada tanaman padi. Campuran herbisida Bentazone Sodium + MCPA DMA 0,75 L/ha -1,75 L/ha dapat meningkatkan bobot biji kering padi. Kata kunci : Bentazone sodium • MCPA DMA • Herbisida campuran • Padi __________________________________________ Pendahuluan
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat pemetaan gulma-gulma pada pertanaman tomat di Kabupaten Garut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif, melalui metode survey. Setiap komoditas pertanaman diteliti pada 4 areal yang menyebar di berbagai kondisi lingkungan yang berbeda dengan umur tanaman berkisar 25 sampai 40 hari. Setelah didapatkan jumlah petak-contoh yang diperlukan maka dilakukan analisis vegetasi. Setiap analisis vegetasi ditentukan : spesies gulma, kerapatan gulma, frekuensi gulma, dominasi gulma, SDR, koefisien komunitas, bobot kering gulma. Kuesioner diberikan kepada petani untuk mengetahui sejarah daerah penelitian, seperti varietas tanam yang digunakan, pola tanam yang digunakan, jenis pupuk yang digunakan, teknik pengendalian gulma, dan usia tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gulma dominan yang ditemukan di areal tanaman tomat 16 spesies gulma. Tercatat 11 spesies gulma daun lebar, yaitu : Alteranthera sessilis, Oxalis latifolia, Portulaca oleraceae, Erechtites valerianifolia, Drymaria villosa, Amaranthus spinonsus, Galinsoga parviflora, Erigeron sumatrensis, Oxalis corniculata, Ageratum conyzoides, dan Richardia brasiliensis. Tercatat 4 spesies gulma rumput, yaitu: Digitaria cilaris, Eulesine indica, Cynodone dactilone, dan Leptochloa chinensis. Terdapat 1 spesies gulma teki, yaitu: Cyperus rotundus. Kata Kunci : Keanekaragaman, Gulma, Tomat
Weed can decrease the yield of plants 20% to 80% if they cannot be controlled, so weed control is absolutely necessary. Weed control by using a single herbicide continuously will cause weeds resistant, so it is necessary to mix herbicides. Combinations of herbicide with two or more types of active ingredient can be synergistic, additive, or antagonistic. The purpose of the study was to determine the characteristic of the herbicide mixture of Atrazine 500 g / l + Mesutrion 50 g / l for several types of weeds. The study was conducted in March -June 2017, at the Controlled Culture Laboratory, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor. The treatment consisted of three types of herbicides with four levels of dosage, namely Atrazine herbicide (1080, 540, 270, 135, 0 g/ha), Mesutrion herbicide (196, 98, 49, 24.5, 0 g/ha) and herbicides mixtures Atrazine 500 g/L + Mesutrion 50 g/L (880,440, 220,110.0 g/ha) with four replications. Target weeds were Cyperus rotundus, Axonopus compressus, Digitaria sanguinalis, Ageratum conyzoides, Alternanthera piloxeroide, Cleome rutidosperma. Data were analyzed by linear regression analysis and MSM method to determine LD50 treatment and LD50 expectations. The results showed that Atrazine 500 g/L + Mesutrion 50 g/L Herbicides Mixed had a value of Hopeful LD50 of 0.097 g ai/ha and LD50 treatment value of 0.0283 g ai/ha with a co-toxicity of 3.416 (> 1) that indicating a synergistic mixture in the sixth weeds tested are A. conyzoides, A. piloxeroide, C. rutidosperma, C. rotundus, A. compressus, D. sanguinalis.
AbstrakPengendalian gulma pada budidaya padi sawah sistem tanam benih langsung perlu dilakukan karena menyebabkan penurunan hasil. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah herbisida Natrium Bispiribak dosis rendah dapat mengendalikan gulma pada sistem tanam benih langsung padi sawah. Percobaan dilaksanakan pada bulan April sampai bulan Agustus 2019, di Kecamatan Leuwimunding, Kabupaten Majalengka. Rancangan percobaan disusun dalam bentuk Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tujuh perlakuan dan empat kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji yaitu dosis herbisida Natrium bispiribak 12, 18, 24, 30, dan 36 g/ha serta kontrol adalah penyiangan mekanis dan tanpa pengendalian gulma. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan herbisida Natrium Bispiribak 12 g/ha efektif mengendalikan gulma, tidak menimbulkan keracunan pada tanaman padi, serta memberikan bobot gabah kering giling padi yang sama seperti pengendalian mekanis. Dosis Natrium Bispiribak yang rendah memberikan efisiensi biaya produksi dan tidak mencemari lingkungan.Kata Kunci: herbisida, hasil gabah, dosis rendah, lingkungan AbstractWeed control in rice cultivation must be implemented because of weeds can decrease rice yield through its competition of nutrient, water, and sunlight. The aim of this research was to find out whether the low-dose of Bispyribac Sodium herbicide could control weeds in the direct seeding system of lowland rice cultivation. Experiment was conducted in Leuwimunding District, Majalengka Regency, from April to August 2019. It used Randomized Block Design (RBD) that consisted of 7 treatments and 4 replications. Bispyribac Sodium dosages as the treatments were 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 g/ha; rotary weeding and without weed control as treatment controls. The experimental results showed that Bispyribac Sodium 12 g/ha was effective in controlling weeds, did not cause toxicity in rice plants, and gave the same yield as mechanical control. Low dose of Bispyribac Sodium provided efficient production costs and did not pollute the environment..Keyword: herbicide, environment, low dosage, yield
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