A gravitation vortex type water turbine, which mainly comprises a runner and a tank, generates electricity by introducing a flow of water into the tank and using the gravitation vortex generated when the water drains from the bottom of the tank. This water turbine is capable of generating electricity using a low head and a low flow rate with relatively simple structure. However, because its flow field has a free surface, this water turbine is extremely complicated, and thus its relevance to performance for the generation of electricity has not been clarified. This study aims to clarify the performance and flow field of a gravitation vortex type water turbine. We conducted experiments and numerical analysis, taking the free surface into consideration. As a result, the experimental and computational values of the torque, turbine output, turbine efficiency, and effective head agreed with one another. The performance of this water turbine can be predicted by this analysis. It has been shown that when the rotational speed increases at the runner inlet, the forward flow area expands. However, when the air area decreases, the backward flow area also expands.
The sewage pumps are demanded a high pump efficiency and a performance in passing foreign bodies. Therefore, the impeller used by these usages requires the large passed particle size (minimum particle size in the pump). However, because conventional design method of pump impeller results in small impeller exit width, it is difficult to be applied to the design of single-blade centrifugal pump impeller which is used as a sewage pump. This paper proposes a design method for single-blade centrifugal pump impeller. As a result, the head curve of the impeller designed by the proposed design method satisfied design specifications, and pump efficiency was over 62% more than conventional single-blade centrifugal pump impeller. By comparing design values with CFD analysis values, the suction velocity ratio of the design parameter agreed well with each other, but the relative velocity ratio did not agree due to the influence of the backflow of the impeller entrance.
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