With the increasing energy demand together with the deteriorating environment and decreasing fossil fuel resources, the development of highly efficient energy conversion and storage devices is one of the key challenges of both fundamental and applied research in energy technology. Melamine sponges (MS) with low density, high nitrogen content, and high porosity have been used to design and obtain three‐dimensional porous carbon electrode materials. More importantly, they are inexpensive, environment‐friendly, and easy to synthesize. There have been many reports on the modification of carbonized MS and MS‐based composites for supercapacitor and lithium battery electrode materials. In this paper, recent studies on the fabrication of electrode materials using MS as raw materials have been mainly reviewed, including carbonation, doping activation, and composite modification of MS, and expectations for the development of porous carbon materials for energy storage as a reference with excellent performance, environment‐friendliness, and long life.

Suffering from sluggish charge transfer kinetics, carbon‐based perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs) lag far behind the Ag/Au‐based normal PSCs in power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, the use of defective multi‐walled CNT (D‐MWCNT) is demonstrated to tune the charge transfer kinetics regarding hole transport layer (HTL) and the interface between HTL and carbon electrode. Benefiting from the electrostatic dipole moment interaction between the terminal oxygen‐containing groups of D‐MWCNT and 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene, an interface coupling at molecular level is established and in turn, allows rapid charge transfer by edge effect induced electron redistribution and 1D hyper‐channels. Meanwhile, a seamless connection between HTL and carbon electrode is achieved in a novel modular C‐PSCs due to D‐MWCNT induced interface coupling with graphene at nanometer scale. Based on this strategy, high PCEs up to 22.07% (with a certified record PCE of 21.9% to date for C‐PSCs) and excellent operational stability have been achieved.

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