This paper• presents a 4 kbit/s CELP speech coder that utilizes the nonuniform and part-searching-area algebraic codebook technologies to overcome the insufficient number of signed pulses in fixed codebook (FCB). The nonuniform algebraic codebook is based on the nonuniform statistical properties of the FCB. The partsearching-area utilizes the periodicity of the FCB excitation signal at low bit rate. The latter is only employed when pitch delay is small enough. We also find that preserving the continuity of pitch is very important for voiced segment if these two technologies are used. So different pitch-detect methods are employed for voiced/unvoiced frame. Subjective and objective test results indicate that the qualities of reconstructed speech are improved, especially for the female speakers.
Biliary cryptococcosis infection is extremely rare and difficult for preoperative diagnosis. We report a rare case of 61-year-old woman with biliary cryptococcal infection. To explore the general rule and case characteristics of biliary cryptococcal infection and provide a reference for future diagnosis and treatment, we consulted the PubMed database for reported biliary cryptococcal infection from 1985 to 2021. Including the present one, we collected 12 reports, among which half were male and five were younger than 18 years old. Clinical manifestations were mainly jaundice, while in vitro examination revealed bile duct dilatation and bile duct stenosis. In 8 cases (66.67%), symptoms improved or healed after antifungal treatment. Although preoperative misdiagnosis of cryptococcal infection is high, the antifungal treatment is quite effective. Thus, early accurate diagnosis can effectively improve the cure rate of biliary cryptococcosis infected patients.
In this paper , a fast-search algorithm is introduced to reduce the complexity of LSF quantization in speech coding. A new inequality between the weighted mean and the weighted Euclidean distance is derived. Using this inequality, many codewords that are impossible to be the nearest codeword are rejected directly. The proposed algorithm produces the same output as conventional full search algorithm and the experiment results confirm its effectiveness.
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