To understand the turnover of soil organic carbon (SOC) and the improvement of soil quality in response to tillage practices, it is important to identify changes in labile SOC fractions, for example, permanganate oxidizable organic carbon (POxC) and particulate organic carbon (POC). Five tillage treatments were initially undertaken in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., mid‐October to early‐June)–summer maize (Zea mays L., mid‐June to early‐October) system in the North China Plain in 2008 with changes being examined in 2012–2013. These treatments included plough tillage with residue removed, plough tillage with residue incorporation, no tillage with residue mulching, subsoiling with residue incorporation, and rotary tillage (tillage with a rotary tiller) with residue incorporation for the winter wheat season; summer maize was only managed with the NTM treatment. The greatest POxC and POC concentrations at the 0–5‐cm depth were observed under RTR and NTM treatments (p < .05), respectively. Both STR and RTR recorded larger POxC and POC concentrations at the 5–10‐cm depth (p < .05). Both POxC and POC concentrations for STR treatment were significantly higher than those under RTR, NTM, and PT0 treatments in the 20–50‐cm soil profile. The POC concentrations in each soil layer of 0–30‐cm showed a significant response to residue amount, temperature, and precipitation; and POxC concentrations did not record similar responses. Therefore, subsoiling with residue incorporation could be a potential tillage practice to manage labile SOC pool in top soil (0–50‐cm) in the North China Plain region.

Object To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in flexible bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. Methods A total of 114 patients were randomly divided into intervention group A and control group B. Group A received dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, and propofol as anesthesia, while Group B received fentanyl and propofol only. Changes in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse oxygen saturation, stress indices (blood cortisol, adrenaline, and norepinephrine levels), incidence of adverse events, anesthesia dose, duration of procedure, and recovery time were compared between the groups at specific time points T0, T1, and T2 during bronchoscopy. Results There was no statistical difference between the groups at T0. At T1 and T2, pulse oxygen saturation, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and stress indices in group A were significantly more favorable than those in group B. The incidence of adverse events (5.26%) in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (17.54%), and patients in group A required less propofol and had a faster recovery time than patients in group B. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine use in flexible bronchoscopy under general anesthesia is safe and effective and decreases the stress response in synergy with propofol to provide hemodynamic stability.

Background: Isoflurane can lead to neuron damage to the developing brain, resulting in learning and memory disability. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-142-5p on isoflurane-induced neurological impairment. Methods: The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to evaluate spatial learning and memory of rats. The expression level of miR-142-5p was measured using qRT-PCR. MTT assay was used to calculate the viability of hippocampal neuronal cells. The cell apoptosis was analyzed using Flow cytometric assay. Results: Isoflurane treatment led to the increase of neurological function score and escape latency, and the reduction of time spent in the original quadrant in rats. The expression level of miR-142-5p was increased significantly in isoflurane-treated rats. MiR-142-5p downregulation protected against isoflurane-induced neurological impairment, which was reflected by the decrease of neurological function score and escape latency, and the increase of time spent in the original quadrant. In vitro, downregulation of miR-142-5p alleviated isoflurane-induced neuron cell viability inhibition, and relieved isoflurane-induced cell apoptosis. Conclusions: MiR-142-5p downregulation plays a neuroprotective role in protecting against isoflurane-induced neurological impairment through regulating neuron cell viability and apoptosis. It provides a theoretical basis for the investigation of the mechanism underlying the effect on isoflurane-induced neurological impairment.