The use of dexmedtomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in cesarean surgeries provides better intra-operative and post-operative analgesia without having significant impact on Apgar scores or incidence of side effects.
Tailoring the rheology of suspensions is an essential and persistent issue form many applications, especially three-dimensional (3D) printing. Colloidal suspensions of ceramic powder (Al2O3) dispersed by a special thermosensitive dispersant (poly(acrylic acid)-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PAA-PNIPAM) were designed, which underwent a remarkable fluid-gel transition in response to thermal stimulus due to the phase transition of the graft chains (-PNIPAM). 3D periodic structures with a fine size of 100 μm were assembled by 3D printing.
PLT counts, cellular morphologies, PLT membranes, cytoplasmic structures, aggregation rates, and hemostatic PLT function stored at 4°C for 10 to 14 days were better than those stored at 22°C for 5 days.
Polyelectrolyte complexes have a bright prospect for fabricating 3D periodic structures by direct ink writing. The phase behavior of complexes containing poly(acrylic acid) and poly (ethylenimine) and rheological behavior of Al 2 O 3 colloidal suspensions are characterized. The results reveal that the pH value of solution takes an important role on the phase behavior of polyelectrolyte complexes. When the [COOH]:[NH x ] ratio is higher than or lower than the critical value of 0.6, the pH range of turbid complex solutions narrows down and meanwhile moves to acidic or alkaline region, respectively. The addition of pH regulators prompts polyelectrolyte exchange reaction and soluble complexes are suitable for preparation of ceramic suspensions. The polyelectrolyte suspensions with linear viscoelasticity at lower shear stress and good fluidity at higher shear stress are identified for direct ink writing of 3D structures with microsized feature.
This study aimed to explore the correlation between red blood cell (RBC) transfusion volume and patient mortality in massive blood transfusion. A multicenter retrospective study was carried out on 1,601 surgical inpatients who received massive blood transfusion in 20 large comprehensive hospitals in China. According to RBC transfusion volume and duration, the patients were divided into groups as follows: 0–4, 5–9, 10–14, 15–19, 20–24, 25–29, 30–39 and ≥40 units within 24 or 72 h. Mortality in patients with different RBC transfusion volumes was analyzed. It was found that patient mortality increased with the increase in the volume of RBC transfusion when the total RBC transfusion volume was ≥10 units within 24 or 72 h. Survival analysis revealed significant differences in mortality according to the RBC transfusion volume (χ2=72.857, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that RBC transfusion volume is an independent risk factor [odds ratio (OR) = 0.52; confidence interval (CI): 0.43–0.64; P<0.01] for the mortality of patients undergoing a massive blood transfusion. When RBCs were transfused at a volume of 5–9 units within 24 and 72 h, the mortality rate was the lowest, at 3.7 and 2.3% respectively. It is concluded that during massive blood transfusion in surgical inpatients, there is a correlation between RBC transfusion volume within 24 or 72 h and the mortality of the patients. Patient mortality increases with the increase in the volume of RBC transfusion. RBC transfusion volume, the length of stay at hospital and intensive care unit stay constitute the independent risk factors for patient mortality.
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