Video smoke detection is a promising fire detection method especially in open or large spaces and outdoor environments. Traditional video smoke detection methods usually consist of candidate region extraction and classification, but lack powerful characterization for smoke. In this paper, we propose a novel video smoke detection method based on deep saliency network. Visual saliency detection aims to highlight the most important object regions in an image. The pixel-level and object-level salient convolutional neural networks are combined to extract the informative smoke saliency map. An end-to-end framework for salient smoke detection and existence prediction of smoke is proposed for application in video smoke detection. The deep feature map is combined with the saliency map to predict the existence of smoke in an image. Initial and augmented dataset are built to measure the performance of frameworks with different design strategies.Qualitative and quantitative analysis at frame-level and pixel-level demonstrate the excellent performance of the ultimate framework.
Road traffic injury is currently the leading cause of death among children and young adults aged 5–29 years all over the world. Measures must be taken to avoid accidents and promote the sustainability of road safety. The current study aimed to identify risk factors that are significantly associated with the severity in crash accidents; therefore, traffic crashes could be reduced, and the sustainable safety level of roadways could be improved. The Apriori algorithm is carried out to mine the significant association rules between the severity of the crash accidents and the factors influencing the occurrence of crash accidents. Compared to previous studies, the current study included the variables more comprehensively, including environment, management, and the state of drivers and vehicles. The data for the current study comes from the Wisconsin Transportation crash database that contains information on all reported crashes in Wisconsin in the year 2016. The results indicate that male drivers aged 16–29 are more inclined to be involved in crashes on roadways with no physical separation. Additionally, fatal crashes are more likely to occur in towns while property damage crashes are more likely to occur in the city. The findings can help government to make efficient policies on road safety improvement.
Video-based smoke detection requires suspected smoke regions to be segmented from the complex background in the initial stage of detection. This segmentation is also important to the subsequent processes of detection. This paper proposes a novel method of segmenting a smoke region in smoke pixel classification based on saliency detection. A salient smoke detection model based on color and motion features is used. First, smoke regions are identified by enhancing the smoke color nonlinearly. The enhanced map and motion map are then used to measure saliency. Finally, the motion energy and saliency map are used to estimate the suspected smoke regions. The estimation result is regarded as our final smoke pixel segmentation result. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified on a set of videos containing smoke. In the experiments, the method achieves average smoke segmentation precision of 93.0%, and the precision is as high as 99.0% for forest fires. The results are compared with those of three other methods used in the literature, revealing the proposed method to have both a better segmentation result and better precision. We also present encouraging results of smoke segmentation in video sequences obtained using the proposed saliency detection method. Furthermore, the proposed smoke segmentation method can be used for real-time fire detection in color video sequences.
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