As the explosive growth of smart devices and the advent of many new applications, traffic volume has been growing exponentially. The traditional centralized network architecture cannot accommodate such user demands due to heavy burden on the backhaul links and long latency. Therefore, new architectures which bring network functions and contents to the network edge are proposed, i.e., mobile edge computing and caching. Mobile edge networks provide cloud computing and caching capabilities at the edge of cellular networks. In this survey, we make an exhaustive review on the state-of-the-art research efforts on mobile edge networks. We first give an overview of mobile edge networks including definition, architecture and advantages. Next, a comprehensive survey of issues on computing, caching and communication techniques at the network edge is presented respectively. The applications and use cases of mobile edge networks are discussed. Subsequently, the key enablers of mobile edge networks such as cloud technology, SDN/NFV and smart devices are discussed. Finally, open research challenges and future directions are presented as well.Index Terms-Mobile edge computing, mobile edge caching, D2D, SDN, NFV, content delivery, computational offloading.

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Summary ProDy, an integrated API developed for modelling and analysing protein dynamics, has significantly evolved in recent years in response to the growing data and needs of computational biology community. We present major developments that led to ProDy 2.0: (i) improved interfacing with databases and parsing new file formats, (ii) SignDy for signature dynamics of protein families, (iii) CryoDy for collective dynamics of supramolecular systems using cryo-EM density maps, and (v) essential site scanning analysis (ESSA) for identifying sites essential to modulating global dynamics. Availability and Implementation ProDy is open-source and freely available under MIT License from https://github.com/prody/ProDy. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online, and tutorials at http://prody.csb.pitt.edu/.

Led by industrialization of smart cities, numerous interconnected mobile devices and novel applications have emerged in the urban environment, providing great opportunities to realize industrial automation. In this context, autonomous driving is an attractive issue, which leverages large amounts of sensory information for smart navigation while posing intensive computation demands on resource constrained vehicles. Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is a potential solution to alleviate the heavy burden on the devices. However, varying states of multiple edge servers as well as a variety of vehicular offloading modes make efficient task offloading a challenge. To cope with this challenge, we adopt a deep Q-learning approach for designing optimal offloading schemes, jointly considering selection of target server and determination of data transmission mode. Furthermore, we propose an efficient redundant offloading algorithm to improve task offloading reliability in the case of vehicular data transmission failure. We evaluate the proposed schemes based on real traffic data. Results indicate that our offloading schemes have great advantages in optimizing system utilities and improving offloading reliability.