Study 1 identified three distinct harmony factors in Hong Kong: disintegration avoidance, harmony enhancement, and harmony as hindrance. Furthermore, disintegration avoidance was found to relate positively to conflict avoidance and negatively to negotiation in a conflict situation. Study 2 examined how the harmony factors were related to various conflict styles in China and Australia. The three harmony factors were identifiable in Australia, but the Chinese scored higher in both disintegration avoidance and harmony enhancement. For the two groups, disintegration avoidance was related positively to avoiding and dominating and negatively to integrating, whereas harmony enhancement was related positively to compromising and integrating. Compromising was related more strongly to harmony enhancement than to disintegration avoidance. Finally, disintegration avoidance was positively related to compromising and obliging for Chinese but not for Australians. The study extends the current conflict management research by incorporating the Chinese notion of harmony.

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A novel synthetic route for making (−)-CBD and its derivatives bearing various C4′-side chains is developed by a late-stage diversification method. Starting from commercially available phloroglucinol, the key intermediate (−)-CBD-2OPiv-OTf is efficiently and regioselectively prepared and further undergoes Negishi cross-coupling to furnish (−)-CBD. This approach allowed an efficient synthesis of (−)-CBD in a five-step total 52% yield on a 10 g scale. Furthermore, diversification on the C4′-side chain with this method can be realized in a wide range.