Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been reported to cause neurodegeneration, senile plaque formation and spatial learning and memory deficits. There is much evidence describing the beneficial effects of aminoguanidine (AG) on the central nervous system; AG is able to inhibit the receptor for AGEs and beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in the brain, thus preventing cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. In this study, we investigated whether AG protects against ovariectomy-induced neuronal deficits and Aβ deposition in rats. Animals in the ovariectomy group (OVX) group, and those in the OVX+AG group were treated with AG (100 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Learning and memory were evaluated using the electric Y maze. AGE and Aβ1-40 biochemical assessments were performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Furthermore, evaluations of brain amyloid precursor protein 695 (APP695) mRNA expression by RT-PCR and AGE expression by immunohistochemistry were carried out. Ovariectomized rats exhibited memory impairment and Aβ production disorder with upregulated APP695 mRNA and AGE expression levels. AG pretreatment relieved the ovariectomy-induced learning and memory disorder and significantly ameliorated the Aβ production disturbance and AGE generation.Additionally, pathological changes in morphology were also significantly recovered. Our data reveal that AG plays a potentially neuroprotective role against ovariectomy-induced learning and cognitive impairment and Aβ production disorder.
Analyzing the obstacle factors of knowledge sharing in pharmaceutical supply chain with interpretative structure model(ISM) systematically,and giving the tactics for overcoming and improving aiming at the key primary obstacles.Having important practical significance to promote knowledge management in pharmaceutical industry and enhancing the corecompetence of transformation organization.
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