Climate change has an impact on increasing the temperature of the earth's surface or what is known as global warming. The impact of global warming will affect the pattern of precipitation, evaporation, water run-off, soil moisture and climate variations which are very volatile can threaten the success of horticultural production, especially shallots. Shallots are a strategic commodity but are strongly influenced by fluctuations in production. The development of shallots is one of them constrained by the weather/climate which affects the production of shallots. From these constraints, shallots are also a commodity that contribute significantly to inflation. Hidden Markov Models (HMM) is one of the stochastic processes when the future only depends on condition now, in markov chain all of the element observable, and the probability move to another probability. Prediction and estimation of shallot crops with rainfall input, temperature, and humidity is done with data starting in 2016 until 2020. Estimated shallot crops follows the optimum movement pattern of prediction shallot in each of each variable. The planting months that are usually carried out in the two districts are around February, May, June and September the lowest shallot crops in April or May because transition of rainy to dry season. And the highest shallot crops in October or November. The best accuracy of estimation is rainfall factor with MAPE 5,89% with high accuracy category while 5,84% in MAPE temperature and in 5,55% in humidity factor in category high.
Penelitian keragaman zooplankton di Sungai Pepe telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Februari 2016. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji jenis dan keanekaragaman komunitas zooplankton di perairan Sungai Pepe. Penelitian ini bersifat explorative. Teknik yang digunakan untuk pengambilan sampel adalah metode sampling dengan menetapkan dua stasiun penelitian. Stasiun A sebagai bagian hilir Sungai Pepe yang berlokasi di daerah Sangkrah dan stasiun B sebagai bagian hulu Sungai Pepe yang berlokasi di daerah Banjarsari. Hasil identifikasi zooplankton ditemukan sebanyak 12 genus dari 5 divisi utama yakni Ciliophora (2 genus), Rotifera (5 genus), Arthropoda (1 genus), Protozoa (3 genus) dan Platyhelminthes (1 genus). Kelimpahan zooplankton (N) berkisar antara 32sel/liter sampai 40 sel/liter. Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) berkisar antara -1,21 sampai – 1,69 yang mengartikan komunitas biota tidak stabil. Indeks kemerataan (E) berkisar antara -0,52 sampai – 0.70 yang mengartikan kemerataan spesies rendah. Indeks dominansi berkisar antara 0,47 sampai 0,27 yang berarti tidak ada spesies yang mendominasi dalam perairan tersebut. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa dibutuhkan perhatian khusus agar komunitas zooplankton di Perairan Sungai Pepe dapat distabilkan dengan mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan.
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