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In this paper, a novel machine learning model is proposed to predict the staying time of international migrants. The competitive machine learning approaches which can be used to predict the staying time of international migrants suffer from hyper-attributes tuning and over-fitting issues. Therefore, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based support vector machine (SVM) model is proposed to predict the staying time of international migrants. Extensive experiments are performed by considering the international migrants dataset to predict the staying time of international migrants. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed approach outperforms the existing machine learning approaches in terms of f-measure, accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity.

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Introduction Drug repurposing is the need of the hour considering the medical emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, cytokine storm by the host immune system has been linked with high viral load, loss of lung function, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ failure, and subsequent fatal outcome. Objective This study aimed to identify potential FDA approved drugs that can be repurposed for COVID-19 treatment using an in-silico analysis. Methods In this study, virtual screening of selected FDA approved drugs was performed by targeting the main protease (M pro ) of SARS-CoV-2 and the key molecules involved in the ‘Cytokine storm’ in COVID-19 patients. Based on our preliminary screening supported by extensive literature search, we selected FDA approved drugs to target the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M pro ) and the key players of cytokine storm, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. These compounds were examined based on systematic docking studies and further validated using a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and molecular mechanic/generalized/Born/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/G/P/BSA) free energy calculations. Results Based on the findings, Rifampicin and Letermovir appeared as the most promising drug showing a very good binding affinity with the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. However, it is pertinent to mention here that our findings need further validation by in vitro analysis and clinical trials. Conclusion This study provides an insight into the drug repurposing approach in which several FDA approved drugs were examined to inhibit COVID-19 infection by targeting the main protease of SARS-COV-2 and the cytokine storm. Graphic abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43440-021-00228-0.