Self-crimp polyester yarns were manufactured using a conjugated spinning process involving two parallel but attached fibers with different shrinkage properties. A theoretical model proposed by Denton proved to be very useful for predicting crimp potential. Maintaining identical or very similar melt viscosities of the two components was demonstrated to be very critical for obtaining a straight interface and eliminating the dog-legging problem. The crimp tests illustrate that the triangular shapes are superior to the round cross section. The optimum volume ratio for making a self-crimp bicomponent skein is 50/50. Moreover, the optimal fiber thickness is 8 denier per filament. Finally, this study found that the combination of PET/PTT outperformed that of PET/PBT and PET/CD in terms of crimp potential, crimp stability, and elastic recovery. This phenomenon is primarily attributed to the markedly different thermal shrinkages of PET and PTT. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:838 -845, 2005.
Shape-persistent and tough cellulose hydrogels were fabricated by a stepwise solvent exchange from a homogeneous ionic liquid solution of cellulose exposure to methanol vapor. The cellulose hydrogels maintain their shapes under changing temperature, pH, and solvents. The micrometer-scale patterns on the mold were precisely transferred onto the surface of cellulose hydrogels. We also succeeded in the spinning of cellulose hydrogel fibers through a dry jet-wet spinning process. The mechanical property of regenerated cellulose fibers improved by the drawing of cellulose hydrogel fibers during the spinning process. This approach for the fabrication of tough cellulose hydrogels is a major advance in the fabrication of cellulose-based structures with defined shapes.
This study discusses a light-weight bicomponent hollow fiber that is formed from a low-density material on the inside, such as polypropylene (PP), and a regularly dyeable material outside, such as polyterephthalate (PET) or nylon. Finite elements and the Optimesh-3D remeshing approach are adopted to identify the main controlling factors of spinning the sheath-core hollow fiber without the consideration of winding actions are performed, based on a four-segmented arc spinneret design. The results indicate that the deflection of melt streams under the spinneret is a major factor that controls the gluing of the gap between arc segments. A greater mismatch between the viscosities of the sheath and the core causes a greater deflection and increases the likelihood of gluing events. Beyond deflection, die swelling under the spinneret is another issue of concern in the processing of bicomponent hollow fibers. Finally, the simulation results are compared with experimental data, and the most appropriate conditions for forming a PET/PP hollow fiber were obtained. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 51:704-711, 2011. ª
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