Serum biochemical analysis was undertaken to study the pathophysiological details of emaciation disease of the tiger puffer fish Takifugu rubripes (Temminck and Schlegel). Serum parameters were measured by biochemical analysis using automated dry chemistry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Serum concentrations of albumin, amylase, calcium, creatinine, glucose and total protein were significantly lower in the emaciated fish when compared with those of normal fish. Regression analyses found close correlation between concentrations of total protein, albumin, amylase, glucose and progress of the disease. In contrast, serum alanine aminotransferase increased significantly in emaciated fish indicating liver function disorder. Further, GC/MS metabolic profiling of the puffer serum showed that the profile of the emaciated fish was distinct to that of non-infected control. The serum content of amino acids including glycine, 5-oxo-proline and proline, and ascorbic acid, fumaric acid and glycerol increased significantly in serum in moderately emaciated fish. The serum glucose, linolenic acid and tyrosine level decreased significantly in the late phase of the disease. Our results clearly show that prolonged intestinal damage caused by myxosporean infection impairs absorption of nutrients, resulting in extreme emaciation.
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder with seizures, but diagnostic
approaches in veterinary clinics remain limited. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a body fluid
used for diagnosis in veterinary medicine. In this study, we explored canine epilepsy
diagnostic biomarkers using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolic
profiling of CSF and multivariate data analysis. Profiles for subjects with idiopathic
epilepsy differed significantly from those of healthy controls and subjects with
symptomatic epilepsy. Among 60 identified metabolites, the levels of 20 differed
significantly among the three groups. Glutamic acid was significantly increased in
idiopathic epilepsy, and some metabolites including ascorbic acid were changed in both
forms of epilepsy. These findings show that metabolic profiles of CSF differ between
idiopathic and symptomatic epilepsy and that metabolites including glutamic acid and
ascorbic acid in CSF may be useful for diagnosis of canine epilepsy.
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