It is widely believed that existing electroweak data requires a Standard Model Higgs to be light while electroweak and flavour physics constraints require other scalars charged under the Standard Model gauge couplings to be heavy. We analyze the robustness of these beliefs within a general scalar sector and find both to be incorrect, provided that the scalar sector approximately preserves custodial symmetry and minimal flavour violation (MFV). We demonstrate this by considering the phenomenology of the Standard Model supplemented by a scalar having SU c (3) × SU L (2) × U Y (1) quantum numbers (8, 2) 1/2which has been argued [13] to be the only kind of exotic scalar allowed by MFV that couples to quarks. We examine constraints coming from electroweak precision data, direct production from LEPII and the Tevatron, and from flavour physics, and find that the observations allow both the Standard Model Higgs and the new scalars to be simultaneously light -with masses ∼ 100 GeV, and in some cases lighter. The discovery of such light coloured scalars could be a compelling possibility for early LHC runs, due to their large production cross section, σ ∼ 100 pb. But the observations equally allow all the scalars to be heavy (including the Higgs), with masses ∼ 1 TeV, with the presence of the new scalars removing the light-Higgs preference that normally emerges from fits to the electroweak precision data.
Typical p-metals show similar effective work functions close to p+ polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) pinning position irrespective of materials after high-temperature process. We found that this phenomenon can be explained by the modified Vo model taking into account the effect of Si substrate. Oxygen absorption by Si substrate and subsequent electron transfer to metal electrode clearly explain the p-metal Fermi level pinning as well as p+ poly-Si pinning. In addition, unsuppressed Fermi level pinning by insertion of barrier layer at p+ poly-Si/barrier layer/high-k gate stack, which is one of the open issues concerning p+ poly-Si pinning, has the same overall reaction scheme. The modified model also consistently explains this phenomenon.
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