Purpose: To determine the characteristic aromatic constituents of star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f.) and identify its main aroma compounds for sensory evaluation.
Methods: The volatile compounds of star anise were prepared by simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) and the compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The flavor compounds were confirmed by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O). Their flavor dilution factor (FD) values were determined using aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA
Introduction
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) include a wide variety of chronic
progressive pulmonary diseases characterized by lung inflammation, fibrosis
and hypoxemia and can progress to respiratory failure and even death. ILDs
are associated with varying degrees of quality of life impairments in
affected people. Studies on the quality of life in patients with ILDs are
still limited, and there are few studies with long-term follow-up periods in
these patients.
Methods
Data from patients who were clinically diagnosed with ILDs in the Respiratory
Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University from
January 2017 to February 2018 were collected. Clinical status and HRQoL were
assessed at baseline and subsequently at 6- and 12-month intervals with the
LCQ, mMRC, HADS, SF-36, and SGRQ. Multivariate linear regression was used to
evaluate the determinants of the decline in HRQoL.
Results
A total of 139 patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) and 30
with connective tissue disease-associated ILD (CTD-ILD) were enrolled, 140
of whom completed the follow-up. The mean age was 63.7 years, and 92
patients were men. At baseline, the decline in HRQoL assessed by the SF-36
and SGRQ was significantly associated with the mMRC, LCQ and HADS depression
score. In the follow-up, changes in FVC%, DLco%, mMRC and LCQ were
significantly associated with changes in HRQoL.
Conclusions
HRQoL in both IIP and CTD-ILD patients deteriorates to varying degrees, and
the trend suggests that poor HRQoL in these patients is associated with many
determinants, primarily dyspnea, cough and depression. Improving HRQoL is
the main aim when treating patients living with ILDs.
Background
Prolonged ventilatory support is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Partial support modes, especially pressure support ventilation, are frequently used in clinical practice but are associated with patient-ventilation asynchrony and deliver fixed levels of assist. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA), a mode of partial ventilatory assist that reduces patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA), may be an alternative for weaning. However, the effects of NAVA on weaning outcomes in clinical practice are unclear.
Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Library from 2007 to December, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and crossover trials that compared NAVA and other modes were identified in this study. The primary outcome was weaning success. Summary estimates of effect using odds ratio (OR) for dichotomous outcomes and mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes with accompanying 95% confidence interval (CI) were expressed.
Results
Seven studies (n = 683 patients) were included. Regarding the primary outcome, patients weaned with NAVA had a higher success rate compared with other partial support modes (OR = 1.80; 95% CI, 1.08 to 3.01; P = 0.02). For the secondary outcomes, NAVA may reduce duration of mechanical ventilation (MD = -3.88; 95% CI, -7.49 to -0.27; P = 0.04) and hospital mortality (OR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.84; P = 0.004), and prolongs ventilator-free days (MD = 3.48; 95% CI, 0.97 to 6.00; P = 0.007) when compared with other modes.
Conclusions
Our study suggests that the NAVA mode was significantly associated with higher rates of weaning success compared with other partial support modes.
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