Full author information is available at the end of the article Xuefeng Zang and Qian Wang contributed equally to this work. Hua Zhou, Sanhong Liu and Xinying Xue contributed equally to this work. The members of the COVID-19 Early Prone Position Study Group are listed in the Acknowledgements.

Background Pulmonary mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma) is the most frequent subset of primary pulmonary lymphoma. This study aimed to identify radiologic characteristics of pulmonary MALToma based on computed tomography (CT) observations and pathologic features, and further investigate its prognosis. Methods Sixty‐six patients (55.4 ± 10.9 years; 51.5% male) diagnosed as pulmonary MALToma by pathology were retrospectively enrolled. According to distributions and features of lesions shown on CT, patients were divided into three patterns, including single nodular/mass, multiple nodular/mass, and pneumonia‐like consolidative. Results Variety of the location and extent of the lymphomatous infiltration accounted for different characteristics demonstrated at CT. The pneumonia‐like consolidative pattern was the most frequent pattern observed in 42 patients (63.6%), followed by single nodular/mass (21.2%) and multiple nodular/mass (15.2%). CT features included air bronchogram (72.7%), well‐marginated halo sign (53.0%), coarse spiculate with different lengths (72.7%), angiogram sign (77.1% of 35 patients), peribronchovascular thickening (48.5%), irregular cavitation (16.7%) and pulmonary cyst (7.6%). The estimated 5‐year cumulative overall survival rate of pulmonary MALToma was 100.0%. Conclusions Pulmonary MALToma demonstrates several characteristics at CT. Identification of the significant pulmonary abnormalities of this indolent disease entity might be helpful for early diagnosis and optimal treatment.

Exosome is a crucial manner for cancer cell to cell communication and circulating exosomes sever as promising diagnostic and prognostic markers for various types of diseases. A predominant type of cargo of exosome is small RNAs, especially miRNAs. Here, we profiled plasma exosomal miRNAs of six lung adenocarcinoma patients before and after surgery, as well as six healthy individuals as normal control. Our profiling revealed 38 upregulated and 37 downregulated exosomal miRNAs in the plasma of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Additionally, we found that most upregulated miRNAs were increased in the lung adenocarcinoma samples of TCGA database. We further evaluated the correlation between the upregulated exosomal miRNAs and overall survival with Kaplan–Meier survival analysis using online databases. Our results suggested that exosomal miR-151a-5p, miR-10b-5p, miR-192-5p, miR-106b-3p, and miR-484 are potential prognostic markers for lung adenocarcinoma. Importantly, we validated candidate miRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma patients before and after surgery as well as in healthy controls and found that miR-484 was significantly increased in the plasma of lung adenocarcinoma patients and strikingly decreased post-surgery. Hence, we provided novel information on lung adenocarcinoma-derived exosomal miRNA and potential non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic markers for lung adenocarcinoma.

No abstract