A smooth bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization (SBESO), as a bidirectional version of SESO is proposed to solve the topological optimization of vibrating continuum structures for natural frequencies and dynamic compliance under the transient load. A weighted function is introduced to regulate the mass and stiffness matrix of an element, which has the inefficient element gradually removed from the design domain as if it were undergoing damage. Aiming at maximizing the natural frequency of a structure, the frequency optimization formulation is proposed using the SBESO technique. The effects of various weight functions including constant, linear and sine functions on structural optimization are compared. With the equivalent static load (ESL) method, the dynamic stiffness optimization of a structure is formulated by the SBESO technique. Numerical examples show that compared with the classic BESO method, the SBESO method can efficiently suppress the excessive element deletion by adjusting the element deletion rate and weight function. It is also found that the proposed SBESO technique can obtain an efficient configuration and smooth boundary and demonstrate the advantages over the classic BESO technique.
Natural frequency and dynamic stiffness under transient loading are two key performances for structural design related to automotive, aviation and construction industries. This article aims to tackle the multi-objective topological optimization problem considering dynamic stiffness and natural frequency using modified version of bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO). The conventional BESO is provided with constant evolutionary volume ratio (EVR), whereas low EVR greatly retards the optimization process and high EVR improperly removes the efficient elements. To address the issue, the modified BESO with variable EVR is introduced. To compromise the natural frequency and the dynamic stiffness, a weighting scheme of sensitivity numbers is employed to form the Pareto solution space. Several numerical examples demonstrate that the optimal solutions obtained from the modified BESO method have good agreement with those from the classic BESO method. Most importantly, the dynamic removal strategy with the variable EVR sharply springs up the optimization process. Therefore, it is concluded that the modified BESO method with variable EVR can solve structural design problems using multi-objective optimization.
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