Imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) provides an attractive way to treat cancer. A composite material of a nanoscale metal-organic framework (NMOF) and graphene oxide (GO) has been prepared for potential use in tumor-guided PTT with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The NMOFs containing Fe were prefabricated with an octahedral morphology through a solvothermal reaction to offer a strong T -weighted contrast in MRI. Then the NMOFs were decorated with GO nanosheets, which had good photothermal properties. After decoration, zeta-potential characterization shows that the aqueous stability of the composite material is enhanced, UV/Vis and near-infrared (NIR) spectra confirm that NIR absorption is also increased, and photothermal experiments reveal that the composite materials express higher photothermal conversion effects and conversion stability. The fabricated NMOF/GO shows low cytotoxicity, effective T -weighted contrast of MRI, and positive PTT behavior for a tumor model in vitro. The performance of the composite NMOF/GO for MRI and PTT was also tested upon injection into A549 tumor-bearing mice. The studies in vivo revealed that the fabricated NMOF/GO was efficient in T -weighted imaging and ablation of the A549 tumor with low cytotoxicity, which implied that the prepared composite contrast agent was a potential multifunctional nanotheranostic agent.
Precision therapy combines the advantages of multimodal imaging and a synergistic treatment, which can provide higher therapeutic efficacy and a more rigorous diagnosis than solitary imaging or ordinary therapy. In this research, we synthesized innovative Se-doped BiOCl nanosheets (Se-BiOCl) via a solvothermal method. Then, islands of Prussian blue analogues (PBA) Bi4[Fe(CN)6]3 were loaded on the Se-BiOCl nanosheets via surface ion-exchange reactions to obtain the Se-BiOCl/PBA composite nanosheets. The successful integration of PBA made progressive T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) possible. In addition, the advanced computed tomography (CT) capabilities matched the high X-ray attenuation coefficient of Bi, thereby realizing multimodal imaging for accurate diagnoses. The strong absorbance in the near-infrared range provided by PBA offers high antitumor efficacy for photothermal therapy (PTT). In addition, with the doping of Se, the band gap of Se-BiOCl was adjusted from 387 nm (BiOCl) to 540 nm, thus resulting in effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) by visible light. The favorable trimodal imaging and synergistic therapy were further confirmed to have significant positive effectiveness both in vitro and in vivo. These biocompatible theranostic nanoagents produced by surface ion-exchanges, highly integrated multimodal imaging, and combined treatments may have high potential for clinical antitumor applications.
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