IntroductionDecapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) has caused severe economic losses in shrimp aquaculture. So far, Researchs on DIV1-infected shrimp have mainly focused on the hemocytes immune response, while studies on the host-intestine microbiota interactions during DIV1 infection have been scarce.MethodsThis study determined the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of DIV1 to Metapenaeus ensis, preliminarily determining that M. ensis could serve as a susceptible object for DIV1. The interactions and responses between the immune and intestine microbiota of shrimp under DIV1 infection were also investigated.Results and DiscussionDIV1 infection decreases intestine bacterial diversity and alters the composition of intestine microbiota. Specifically, DIV1 infection decreases the abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria), and significantly increases the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Vibrio and Photobacterium, thereby increasing the risk of secondary bacterial infections. The results of PICRUSt functional prediction showed that altered intestine microbiota induces host metabolism disorders, which could be attributed to the bioenergetic and biosynthetic requirements for DIV1 replication in shrimp. The comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that some metabolic pathways related to host immunity were significantly activated following DIV1 infection, including ncRNA processing and metabolic process, Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and Arachidonic acid metabolism. M. ensis may against DIV1 infection by enhancing the expression of some immune-related genes, such as Wnt16, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and C-type lectin 3 (Ctl3). Notably, correlation analysis of intestinal microbial variation with host immunity showed that expansion of pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio and Photobacterium) in DIV1 infection could increased the expression of NF-κB inhibitors cactus-like and Toll interacting protein (Tollip), which may limit the TLR-mediated immune response and ultimately lead to further DIV1 infection.Significance and Impact of the StudyThis study enhances our understanding of the interactions between shrimp immunity and intestinal microbiota. The ultimate goal is to develop novel immune enhancers for shrimp and formulate a safe and effective DIV1 defense strategy.
“Fishery-photovoltaic (PV) Integration” is a novel aquaculture model that provides enormous potential for aquaculture development. However, research on the aquaculture environment and organisms under the “Fishery-PV Integration” mode is presently sparse. This study investigated Penaeus monodon as a model, studying the growth rates of shrimp, water quality conditions, and the micro-ecological environment. After 105 days of rearing, P. monodon (initial weight of 0.006 ± 0.001 g) reached an average body weight of 11.69 ± 0.92 g. The water quality was stable (C(NH4+) ≤ 1.57 mg/L) during the experimental period. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that bacterial community structures were significantly distinct among water, effluent and intestinal environments, with a closer relationship between the microbiotas in effluent and water. The dominant phyla present in shrimp intestines, water, and effluent were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota. Likewise, Ralstonia, Candidatus Aquiluna, and Vibrio were the dominant genus in the three groups. The relative abundance of Vibrio as a common opportunistic pathogen for shrimp was relatively low, which is beneficial to promote the healthy growth of shrimp. The function of the “Fishery-PV Integration” microbiota was investigated using metagenomic technology. Results showed that microorganisms played an essential role in regulating intestinal amino acids, carbohydrate, and energy metabolisms. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) data indicate that tetH, QnrVC6 and tetX were dominated ARGs in the intestine. At the same time, the ARGs with the highest relative abundance in the water and effluent groups were MexL and adeF. Notably, only 123 ARGs were identified within the “Fishery-PV Integration” pond. This outcome is significantly lower than other studies, indicating that shrimp cultured in the “Fishery-PV Integration” pond had a higher level of food safety. The current study describes the characteristics of the microflora and ARGs distribution in the “Fishery-PV Integration” pond for the first time, providing fundamental information for formulating management strategies for the whole microflora to maintain the health of shrimp.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.