Classical swine fever (CSF), formerly known as "hog cholera", is a highly contagious infectious disease that affects both domestic pigs and wild boars, with high morbidity and mortality. Due to its tremendous impact on the swine industry, CSF is therefore notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) (Zhou, 2019). Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), the causative agent of CSF, is classified in the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae. Currently, the genus Pestivirus includes eleven recognized species, such as CSFV, bovine viral diarrhoea viruses 1 and 2 (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2), and border disease virus. CSFV has a linear, non-segmented, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome of approximately 12.3 kb (Edwards et al., 2000). The genome consists
Pseudorabies (PR) is an acute infectious disease of pigs caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV), which has caused great economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Reliable and timely diagnose is crucial for the surveillance, control and eradication of PR.Here, a real-time fluorescent recombinase-aided amplification (real-time RAA) assay was established to detect PRV. Primers and probes were designed based on the conserved regions of the PRV gE gene. The assay was specific for the detection of wildtype PRV, showing no cross-reactivity with other important porcine viruses (including PRV gE-deleted vaccine strains). Analytical sensitivity of the assay was three 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID 50 ) of PRV DNA per reaction with 95% reliability, which is comparable to that of a PRV-specific real-time PCR (qPCR) assay. In diagnosis of 206 clinical tissue samples, the diagnose accordance rate between the real-time RAA assay and qPCR assay was 97.57% (201/206). Interestingly, the amplified products of real-time RAA could be visualized under a portable blue light instrument, making it possible for the rapid detection of PRV in resource-limited settings and on-site screening. Therefore, our developed real-time RAA assay is a diagnostic method for the rapid detection of PRV in the field.
Suid herpesvirus 1 (SuHV-1), known as pseudorabies virus (PRV), is one of the most devastating swine pathogens in China, particularly the sudden occurrence of PRV variants in 2011. The higher pathogenicity and cross-species transmission potential of the newly emerged variants caused not only colossal economic losses, but also threatened public health. To uncover the underlying pathogenesis of PRV variants, Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based proteomic analysis was performed to quantitatively screen the differentially expressed cellular proteins in PRV-infected Vero cells. A total of 7072 proteins were identified and 960 proteins were significantly regulated: specifically 89 upregulated and 871 downregulated. To make it more credible, the expression of XRCC5 and XRCC6 was verified by western blot and RT-qPCR, and the results dovetailed with the proteomic data. The differentially expressed proteins were involved in various biological processes and signaling pathways, such as chaperonin-containing T-complex, NIK/NF-κB signaling pathway, DNA damage response, and negative regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle. Taken together, our data holistically outline the interactions between PRV and host cells, and our results may shed light on the pathogenesis of PRV variants and provide clues for pseudorabies prevention.
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